Texas Instruments Power Supply Modules 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Package Body Material	Maximum Output Current	Trim or Adjustable Output (V)	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Output Voltage	Maximum Total Power Output	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Maximum Output Voltage	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width (mm)	Qualification	Maximum Load Regulation	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	No. of Outputs	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Nominal Output Voltage	Maximum Input Voltage
PT4128C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6		RECTANGULAR	YES	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 A	YES	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	MODULE,6LEAD,1.5	Other Analog ICs		85 Cel	2.25 V	12.5 W	-40 Cel		2.75 V	DUAL	R-PDMA-G6	1			Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION	36 V			1			2.5 V	75 V
HL02U15S12ZH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	11.4 V	2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm	13.34 mm	Not Qualified	15 %	15 V		14.25 V			1		32.64 mm	12 V	15.75 V
PWR5316	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	8	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V	15 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P8			63.5 mm	Not Qualified	1 %			36 V			2		60.96 mm	12 V	72 V
PWR718B	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	4.95 V	5 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P12		10.41 mm	45.72 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21 V			1		50.8 mm	5 V	27 V
PTMA401120A3AD	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED		YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	10.8 V	10 W	-40 Cel	TIN	13.2 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-T6				Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e3		1			12 V	75 V
PWR711A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.85 V	5 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		11 V			2		50.8 mm	15 V	15 V
HL01R15D05Z	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.75 V	1 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm	13.34 mm	Not Qualified	.5 %	15 V		14.25 V			2		32.64 mm	5 V	15.75 V
PT4522A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED	4 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP12/17H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.5 V	20 W	-40 Cel		5.5 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T12				Not Qualified	1 %	48 V		36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		5 V	75 V
PWR113	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	11.4 V	.45 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		12 V			1		28.58 mm	12 V	18 V
PWR619D/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V	2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm	43.18 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21.6 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	26.5 V
PWR620D	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V	2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm	43.18 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21.6 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	26.5 V
PWR701C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V	5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	43.18 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.65 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	6 V
PT7749N	Texas Instruments	DC-DC BOOSTER MODULE		27		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED		NO	1		THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY										SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27	1			Not Qualified				3 V			1				5.5 V
PT4801C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	15		RECTANGULAR	YES	UNSPECIFIED	3 A	NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP20H,1.2	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	15 V	25 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G15				Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	ADDITIONAL 3.3V AND 1.5V ADJUSTABLE OUTPUTS AVAILABLE	36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	3	NOT SPECIFIED		15 V	75 V
PWR306/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	4.75 V	2 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm	22.86 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		9.6 V			2		28.58 mm	5 V	14.4 V
PWR601A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V	2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.5 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	5.5 V
PT6405N	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		12	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED		YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm				0 Cel			SINGLE	R-XSIP-T12		16.51 mm	9.144 mm	Not Qualified	1.515 %			4.5 V			1		41.656 mm	3.3 V	5.5 V
PT3327N	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	19		RECTANGULAR	NO	METAL	8 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP19/27	Other Analog ICs		85 Cel	1.62 V	14.4 W	-40 Cel		1.98 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T19				Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT	36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		1.8 V	75 V
PWR334/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	8	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.4 V	2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P8		10.41 mm	22.86 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		38.4 V			4		28.58 mm	12 V	57.6 V
PWR704B/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V	5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P14		10.41 mm	45.72 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.65 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	6 V
PT4507C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED	5 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP12/17H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	1.62 V	9 W	-40 Cel		1.98 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T12	3			Not Qualified	1 %	24 V		18 V			1			1.8 V	40 V
PT4498N	Texas Instruments	DC-DC BOOSTER MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	26		RECTANGULAR	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		100 W	-40 Cel			SINGLE	R-MSMA-T26	1			Not Qualified		48 V		36 V			1				75 V
PTMA401120P1AZT	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED		NO	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	11.76 V	10 W	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	12.24 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X5	3			Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e1		1			12 V	75 V
PT4832A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	18		RECTANGULAR	NO	METAL	5.5 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP21H,1.4	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.5 V	35 W	-40 Cel		5.5 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T18				Not Qualified	.5 %	48 V	ADDITIONAL 3.3V AND 2.5V OUTPUTS AVAILABLE	36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	3	NOT SPECIFIED		5 V	75 V
HL01U5D12YH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	11.4 V	1 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm	15.24 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	5 V		4.5 V			2		32.64 mm	12 V	5.5 V
HL02U05S05YH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.75 V	2 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm	15.24 mm	Not Qualified	15 %	5 V		4.75 V			1		32.64 mm	5 V	5.25 V
PWR628B/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V	2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P14		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25.2 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	31 V
PWR426/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	14.25 V	3 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		22.4 V			1		28.58 mm	15 V	33.6 V
PTMA401120N2AZ	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED		YES	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	10.8 V	10 W	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	13.2 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X6	3			Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e1		1			12 V	75 V
PTEA420025P2AD	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		8		RECTANGULAR	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY					2 V	50 W		MATTE TIN	2.75 V	DUAL	R-PDMA-T8				Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e3		1			2.5 V	75 V
PTQA430025P2AZ	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	8		RECTANGULAR	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		YES	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	2 V	75 W	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	2.75 V	DUAL	R-PDMA-X8	3			Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e1		1			2.5 V	75 V
PWR319/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	11.4 V	2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm	22.86 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		19.2 V			2		28.58 mm	12 V	28.8 V
PTMA401120P1AST	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED		NO	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	11.76 V	10 W	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	12.24 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X5	3			Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e0		1			12 V	75 V
PWR526/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	10	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.25 V	4 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P10		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		22.4 V			4		41.28 mm	15 V	33.6 V
PWR630C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				95 Cel	4.95 V	2 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	30.48 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		43.2 V			1		50.8 mm	5 V	53 V
PWR402	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.25 V	3 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4 V			1		28.58 mm	15 V	6 V
PWR614A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V	2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		13.8 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	16.5 V
PTQB425080P3AD	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	7		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED		YES	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	5.4 V	200 W	-40 Cel	TIN	10.5 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-P7				Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e3		1			8 V	75 V
HL01R15D05YH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.75 V	1 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm	15.24 mm	Not Qualified	.5 %	15 V		14.25 V			2		32.64 mm	5 V	15.75 V
PWR731A/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V	5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		44.5 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	53 V
HL01U5D12Z	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	11.4 V	1 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm	13.34 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	5 V		4.5 V			2		32.64 mm	12 V	5.5 V
700U	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	OTHER	7		SQUARE	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	14 V		-25 Cel		16 V	DUAL	S-PDMA-P7				Not Qualified		15 V		10 V			2			15 V	18 V
PWR728A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V	5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	31 V
HPR123H	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	100 Cel	14.25 V	.75 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	SINGLE	R-PSIP-T5		10.41 mm	6.09 mm	Not Qualified	3 %	24 V		21.6 V			2		19.56 mm	15 V	26.4 V
79SR108VC	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	OTHER	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	60 Cel			-40 Cel			SINGLE	R-PSIP-T3		24.13 mm	6.35 mm	Not Qualified	1 %						1		22.352 mm	-8 V	-30 V
PWR410	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO	METAL		NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY			5.08 mm	100 Cel	11.4 V	3 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm	20.32 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		9.6 V			2		28.58 mm	12 V	14.4 V
HL01U24D12Z	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	11.4 V	1 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm	13.34 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	24 V		21.6 V			2		32.64 mm	12 V	26.4 V
PT4527A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12		RECTANGULAR	NO	UNSPECIFIED	5 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP12/17H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	1.62 V	9 W	-40 Cel		1.98 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T12	1			Not Qualified	1 %	48 V		36 V			1			1.8 V	75 V

Power Supply Modules

Power Supply Modules are electronic devices that convert one form of electrical power into another form that is suitable for powering electronic devices. These modules are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial automation, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.

Power supply modules can convert electrical power from various sources, including AC mains power, batteries, and renewable energy sources such as solar panels. The modules may also provide different output voltages and current levels depending on the requirements of the electronic devices being powered.

Power supply modules can be designed with various features, including overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, and thermal protection to ensure safe and reliable operation. Many power supply modules are also designed to meet specific industry standards and regulations, such as EN 60950 for information technology equipment, and EN 61000 for electromagnetic compatibility.