Texas Instruments Power Supply Modules 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Approvals (V)	Maximum Output Current	Trim or Adjustable Output (V)	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Main Out Ripple Voltage	Main Output Efficiency	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Output Voltage	Control Mode	Protection(s)	Maximum Line Regulation	Maximum Total Power Output	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Maximum Output Voltage	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Height	Width (mm)	Qualification	Maximum Load Regulation	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	No. of Outputs	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Nominal Output Voltage	Maximum Input Voltage
PTH12060LAST	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		10	DMA	RECTANGULAR	NO	300 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	UL, CSA	10 A	YES	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED	.007 Vrms	88 %	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		Power Supply Modules		85 Cel	.8 V	VOLTAGE-MODE	OUTPUT OVER CURRENT;THERMAL	.5 %	18 W	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	1.8 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X10	1	9 mm	9 mm	15.75 mm	Not Qualified	.6 %	12 V	REMOTE SHUTDOWN	10.8 V	e0	NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED	25.27 mm	1.8 V	13.2 V
PWR608A/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		10.8 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	13.5 V
PT6304H	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	OTHER	12		RECTANGULAR	NO	550 kHz	UNSPECIFIED		3 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				FLANGE MOUNT	SIP12(UNSPEC)	Switching Regulator or Controllers		60 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE				-40 Cel			SINGLE	R-XSFM-T12					Not Qualified	.5 %			14.5 V			1			12 V	28 V
PT6408R	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		12		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				FLANGE MOUNT										0 Cel			SINGLE	R-XSFM-T12					Not Qualified	4.167 %			4.5 V			1			1.2 V	5.5 V
PWR6203	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	-5.148 V					-40 Cel		-5.252 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21 V			1		50.8 mm	-5.2 V	27 V
PT3327C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	19		RECTANGULAR	YES		METAL		8 A	YES	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP19/27H,1.4	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	1.62 V				14.4 W	-40 Cel		1.98 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-G19					Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT	36 V			1			1.8 V	75 V
78HT210H	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		3		RECTANGULAR	YES		UNSPECIFIED						GULL WING				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY													SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3					Not Qualified
PWR633B	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	4.95 V				2 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P14		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		43.2 V			2		50.8 mm	5 V	53 V
79SR115HC	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	OTHER	5	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE				60 Cel						-40 Cel			DUAL	R-PDIP-T5		7.874 mm		25.4 mm	Not Qualified	1 %			-18.5 V			1		22.35 mm	-15 V	-30 V
PWR625C/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		30.48 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25.2 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	31 V
PWR605A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.5 V			2		50.8 mm	15 V	5.5 V
PT6408A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		12	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE			2.54 mm							0 Cel			SINGLE	R-XSIP-T12		9.906 mm		9.144 mm	Not Qualified	4.167 %			4.5 V			1		41.656 mm	1.2 V	5.5 V
HL02U05D15ZH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	14.25 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm		13.34 mm	Not Qualified	15 %	5 V		4.75 V			2		32.64 mm	15 V	5.25 V
PWR700B/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	4.95 V				5 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P12		10.41 mm		45.72 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.65 V			1		50.8 mm	5 V	6 V
PWR801/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	7	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.25 V				5 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P7		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4 V			3		41.28 mm	15 V	6 V
PWR313	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.4 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm		22.86 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		12 V			2		28.58 mm	12 V	18 V
PT4103C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6		RECTANGULAR	YES		UNSPECIFIED		1 A	NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	MODULE(UNSPEC)	Other Analog ICs		85 Cel	14.7 V				15 W	-40 Cel		15.3 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-G6					Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION	36 V			1			15 V	75 V
PWR119/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	11.4 V				.45 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		19.2 V			1		28.58 mm	12 V	28.8 V
PT4853C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	25		RECTANGULAR	YES		METAL			YES	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP26H,1.5	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	2.97 V					-40 Cel		3.63 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-G25					Not Qualified		48 V	ADDITIONAL 2.5V AND 1.2V OUTPUTS AVAILABLE	36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	3	NOT SPECIFIED		3.3 V	75 V
PWR714B/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.85 V				5 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P12		10.41 mm		45.72 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		13.7 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	17 V
PWR5104/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V				9 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.75 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	5.25 V
PT4494A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC BOOSTER MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	26		RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel					100 W	-40 Cel			SINGLE	R-MSMA-T26	1				Not Qualified		24 V		18 V			1				36 V
HL02U05D05ZH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.75 V				2 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm		13.34 mm	Not Qualified	15 %	5 V		4.75 V			2		32.64 mm	5 V	5.25 V
PTB78560CAS	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	11		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			YES	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	9 V				30 W	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	13.2 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X11	1				Not Qualified	1 %	24 V	OPERATES WITH A 48 V INPUT NOMINAL	18 V	e0	20	1	235			60 V
PWR314/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	14.25 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm		22.86 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		12 V			2		28.58 mm	15 V	18 V
PWR409/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY			5.08 mm	100 Cel	4.75 V				3 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		9.6 V			2		28.58 mm	5 V	14.4 V
PWR719C/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V				5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		43.18 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	27 V
PT4523A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED		1.6 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP12/17H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	10.8 V				20 W	-40 Cel		13.2 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T12					Not Qualified	1 %	48 V		36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		12 V	75 V
PWR602B	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.5 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	5.5 V
PT4585N	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	19		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED		8 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP19/27	Other Analog ICs		85 Cel	1.62 V				14.4 W	-40 Cel		1.98 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T19					Not Qualified	1 %	24 V		18 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		1.8 V	60 V
PTMA401120P1AS	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			NO	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	11.76 V				10 W	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	12.24 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X5	3				Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e0		1			12 V	75 V
PT4564A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	19		RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL		2 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP19/27H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	13.5 V				30 W	-40 Cel		16.5 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T19	1				Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT	36 V			1			15 V	75 V
PWR316	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	8	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	11.4 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P8		10.41 mm		22.86 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		12 V			4		28.58 mm	12 V	18 V
PT7746A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC BOOSTER MODULE		27		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY													SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27	1				Not Qualified				3 V			1				5.5 V
PWR607D	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		43.18 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		10.8 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	13.5 V
PWR525	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	10	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.4 V				4 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P10		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		22.4 V			4		41.28 mm	12 V	33.6 V
PWR628D/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P6		10.41 mm		43.18 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25.2 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	31 V
PWR6204/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	-5.148 V					-40 Cel		-5.252 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25 V			1		50.8 mm	-5.2 V	31 V
PT4501C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED		5 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP12/17H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	2.97 V				16.5 W	-40 Cel		3.63 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T12					Not Qualified	1 %	24 V		18 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		3.3 V	40 V
PWR207	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.4 V				1.5 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		9.6 V			1		28.58 mm	12 V	14.4 V
PWR319/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	11.4 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm		22.86 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		19.2 V			2		28.58 mm	12 V	28.8 V
PWR716B	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V				5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P14		10.41 mm		45.72 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		13.7 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	17 V
PT4565A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	19		RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL		8 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP19/27H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	1.8 V				16 W	-40 Cel		2.2 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T19	1				Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT	36 V			1			2 V	75 V
PWR406/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	4.75 V				3 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		9.6 V			1		28.58 mm	5 V	14.4 V
PWR721A/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	4.95 V				5 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21 V			2		50.8 mm	5 V	27 V
PWR721C/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	4.95 V				5 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		43.18 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21 V			2		50.8 mm	5 V	27 V
PWR332/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	14.25 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm		22.86 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		38.4 V			2		28.58 mm	15 V	57.6 V
PWR727C/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	4.95 V				5 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		43.18 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25 V			2		50.8 mm	5 V	31 V

Power Supply Modules

Power Supply Modules are electronic devices that convert one form of electrical power into another form that is suitable for powering electronic devices. These modules are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial automation, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.

Power supply modules can convert electrical power from various sources, including AC mains power, batteries, and renewable energy sources such as solar panels. The modules may also provide different output voltages and current levels depending on the requirements of the electronic devices being powered.

Power supply modules can be designed with various features, including overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, and thermal protection to ensure safe and reliable operation. Many power supply modules are also designed to meet specific industry standards and regulations, such as EN 60950 for information technology equipment, and EN 61000 for electromagnetic compatibility.