Renesas Electronics Switching Regulators & Controllers 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Total Dose (V)	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Maximum Supply Current (Isup)	Maximum Output Current	No. of Functions	Technology	Screening Level	Terminal Form	Control Technique	Nominal Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Power Supplies (V)	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Output Voltage	Control Mode	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Maximum Output Voltage	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width (mm)	Qualification	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Nominal Output Voltage	Maximum Input Voltage
IS0-1825ASRH-Q	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR																																							NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
UPD161660P	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	68	DIE	SQUARE	YES			UNSPECIFIED	.005 mA	.01 A	1	CMOS		NO LEAD		2.7 V	2.7	BOOST	UNCASED CHIP	DIE OR CHIP	Power Management Circuits		85 Cel			-40 Cel			UPPER	S-XUUC-N68				Not Qualified	2.7 V		2.5 V						3.6 V
R2A20114SPW5	Renesas Electronics	POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER	AUTOMOTIVE	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY	7.5 mA	1 A	1			GULL WING	FREQUENCY MODULATION	12 V	12	BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	125 Cel			-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)		DUAL	R-PDSO-G20		2.2 mm	5.5 mm	Not Qualified	12 V		10 V	e4			12.6 mm	5 V	24 V
HA16116FP-EL-E	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		600 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			GULL WING					SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel			-20 Cel	TIN BISMUTH		DUAL	R-PDSO-G20	1	2.2 mm	5.5 mm	Not Qualified				e6			12.6 mm		40 V
R2A20114SPW0	Renesas Electronics	POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER	AUTOMOTIVE	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY	7.5 mA	1 A	1			GULL WING	FREQUENCY MODULATION	12 V	12	BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	125 Cel			-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)		DUAL	R-PDSO-G20		2.2 mm	5.5 mm	Not Qualified	12 V		10 V	e4			12.6 mm	5 V	24 V
RAA2230114GSP#AA0	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR																											MATTE TIN				2							e3
UPC1099CX-A	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	16	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		500 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.2 A	1	BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	IN-LINE	DIP16,.3	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	TIN BISMUTH		DUAL	R-PDIP-T16		5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	15 V		11.5 V	e6	10	260			24 V
IS9-1845ASRH-8	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	MILITARY	18	DFP	RECTANGULAR	YES	300k Rad(Si)	500 kHz	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		1 A	1	BICMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class Q	FLAT	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	FLATPACK			1.27 mm	125 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-55 Cel	GOLD		DUAL	R-CDFP-F18		2.92 mm	8.385 mm	Not Qualified			12 V	e4			11.175 mm		20 V
VPA1000DYGI-128	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHED CAPACITOR REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	6	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		2800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		.3 A	1			GULL WING		3 V		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE	TSOP6,.11,37	Other Analog ICs	.95 mm	85 Cel	1.164 V		-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	1.236 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G6	1	1 mm	1.6 mm	Not Qualified	3 V		2.7 V	e3	30	260	2.9 mm	1.2 V	5 V
R2A20114FP#U5	Renesas Electronics			40	QFP	SQUARE	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY	7.5 mA					GULL WING		12 V	12		FLATPACK	QFP40,.35SQ	Switching Regulator or Controllers	.635 mm							QUAD	S-PQFP-G40				Not Qualified
EL7642AILTZ	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	YES		1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED			1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BOOST	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel			QUAD	S-XQCC-N32		.8 mm	5 mm		3 V		2.6 V				5 mm		5.5 V
M62216FP	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		155 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		.1 A	1	BIPOLAR		GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel			DUAL	R-PDSO-G8		2.03 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified	1.7 V		.9 V				4.85 mm		15 V
HIP6311ACBZ	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	COMMERCIAL	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		1500 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	70 Cel			0 Cel	MATTE TIN		DUAL	R-PDSO-G20		2.65 mm	7.5 mm		5 V		4.75 V	e3			12.8 mm		5.25 V
UPC1935GR-A	Renesas Electronics		OTHER	16	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		.02 A		BICMOS		GULL WING					SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP16,.25	Switching Regulator or Controllers	.635 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	TIN BISMUTH		DUAL	R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified				e6	10	260
V62/08610-01XB	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	MILITARY	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	YES		700 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			PUSH-PULL	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.8 mm	125 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-55 Cel			QUAD	S-PQCC-N16		1 mm	5 mm	Not Qualified	3.3 V						5 mm
RAA489800	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR		32		SQUARE	YES		1000 kHz	UNSPECIFIED			1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK-BOOST		LCC32(UNSPEC)								21 V	QUAD	S-XQCC-N32							3.8 V						23 V
EL7563CRE	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	28	HTSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		1000 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	3.3 V		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP28,.25		.65 mm	85 Cel	1 V	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel		2.5 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G28		1.2 mm	4.4 mm		3.3 V		3 V		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.7 mm		3.6 V
ICL7662IBD	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER	INDUSTRIAL	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY			1	CMOS		GULL WING				DOUBLER INVERTER	SMALL OUTLINE				85 Cel			-40 Cel			DUAL	R-PDSO-G14					15 V		4.5 V						20 V
EL7586AILZ-T13	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	INDUSTRIAL	20	HVQCCN	SQUARE	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BOOST	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN		QUAD	S-PQCC-N20	3	.9 mm	4 mm		5 V	VOUT=(5.5-20 VOLT)	3 V	e3	30	260	4 mm		5.5 V
R2J20701NP	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER		56	VQCCN	SQUARE	YES		1000 kHz	UNSPECIFIED		35 A	1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			PUSH-PULL	CHIP CARRIER, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC56,.31SQ,20	Switching Regulator or Controllers	.5 mm			VOLTAGE-MODE				QUAD	S-XQCC-N56		.8 mm	8 mm	Not Qualified	12 V	ALSO OPERATES AT 5.25V; ALSO OPERATES IN CURRENT MODE	8 V				8 mm	5 V	14 V
UPC494GT-A	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		300 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		.25 A	1	BIPOLAR		GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	TIN BISMUTH		DUAL	R-PDSO-G16		1.8 mm	5.6 mm	Not Qualified	15 V		7 V	e6					40 V
HS0-1825AEH-Q	Renesas Electronics	DUAL SWITCHING CONTROLLER	AUTOMOTIVE						425 kHz	CERAMIC		.2 A		BICMOS	38535V;38534K;883S							DIE OR CHIP	Switching Regulator or Controllers		125 Cel		CURRENT/VOLTAGE-MODE	-50 Cel	GOLD							Not Qualified				e4
HIP6012CVZ-T	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	COMMERCIAL	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	70 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	MATTE TIN		DUAL	R-PDSO-G14		1.75 mm	3.9 mm		12 V		10.8 V	e3			8.65 mm		13.2 V
UPC1099GS-E2-A	Renesas Electronics	BATTERY CHARGE CONTROLLER	OTHER	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		500 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		.03 A		BIPOLAR		GULL WING					SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.3	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	MATTE TIN		DUAL	R-PDSO-G16	1			Not Qualified				e3
HA17384SPS-E	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	8	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		500 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	105 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-20 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD		DUAL	R-PDIP-T8	1	5.06 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	15 V		12 V	e4			9.6 mm		25 V
5962R0724903V9A	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	MILITARY	23	DIE	SQUARE	YES	100k Rad(Si)	1000 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	4 mA	1 A	1	BICMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class V	NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	UNCASED CHIP	DIE OR CHIP			125 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-55 Cel	Gold (Au)	2 V	UPPER	S-XUUC-N23				Qualified			9 V	e4				1 V	13.2 V
UPC1099GS-E1	Renesas Electronics
HA16141P-E	Renesas Electronics	POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER WITH POST REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	16	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		230 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	105 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel			DUAL	R-PDIP-T16		5.06 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	14 V	THE PFC SECTION EMPLOYS AVERAGE CURRENT MODE PWM; PEAK PFC-OUT CURRENT IS 1.5A	10.6 V				19.2 mm		21.2 V
M62258FP	Renesas Electronics	BATTERY CHARGE CONTROLLER	OTHER	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY		.02 A	1			GULL WING				SINGLE	SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel			DUAL	R-PDSO-G16		2.1 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	12 V		4.95 V				10.1 mm		15 V
HA16120FPJ-E	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	INDUSTRIAL	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		600 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel			-40 Cel			DUAL	R-PDSO-G16	1	2.2 mm	5.5 mm	Not Qualified	12 V		3.9 V				10.06 mm		40 V
UPC1099CX	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	16	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		500 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.2 A	1	BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	IN-LINE	DIP16,.3	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)		DUAL	R-PDIP-T16		5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	15 V		11.5 V	e0					24 V
RAA2108502GLG#AG0	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	58		RECTANGULAR	YES		1067 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1	HYBRID		BUTT	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel			-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD		UNSPECIFIED	R-PXMA-B58	3	7.5 mm	18 mm		12 V	OUTPUT VOLTAGE= 0.6V TO 5V	4.5 V	e4			23 mm		14 V
5962L0724911V9A	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER		23	DIE	SQUARE	YES	50k Rad(Si)	1000 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	5.5 mA	1 A	1	BICMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class V	NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK-BOOST	UNCASED CHIP	DIE OR CHIP			125 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-55 Cel	Gold (Au)		UPPER	S-XUUC-N23				Qualified			9 V	e4					13.2 V
EL7566DRE-T13	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	28	HTSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		1000 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		7.8 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.65 mm	85 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel			DUAL	R-PDSO-G28		1.2 mm	4.4 mm		3.3 V		3 V				9.7 mm		6 V
SL6532ACRZ-T	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	COMMERCIAL	28	HVQCCN	SQUARE	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.65 mm	70 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel			QUAD	S-PQCC-N28		1 mm	6 mm		5 V		4.5 V				6 mm		5.5 V
M62281P	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		700 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1 A	1	BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			PUSH-PULL	IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-20 Cel			DUAL	R-PDIP-T14		4.5 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	14 V		7.6 V				19 mm		35 V
EL7640AILTZ-T13	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	YES		1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED			1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BOOST	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel			QUAD	S-XQCC-N32		.8 mm	5 mm		3 V		2.6 V				5 mm		5.5 V
EL7515IY	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	10	TSSOP	SQUARE	YES		1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	5 V		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP10,.2,20		.5 mm	85 Cel	4.5 V		-40 Cel		17 V	DUAL	S-PDSO-G10		1.1 mm	3 mm		5 V		1.8 V				3 mm	12 V	13.2 V
ICL7662CPAZ	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER	COMMERCIAL	8	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO			PLASTIC/EPOXY			1	CMOS		THROUGH-HOLE				DOUBLER INVERTER	IN-LINE				70 Cel			0 Cel	MATTE TIN		DUAL	R-PDIP-T8					15 V		4.5 V	e3					20 V
M62291GP	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	5	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		175 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		.1 A	1	BIPOLAR		GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	SMALL OUTLINE	TSSOP6,.08	Switching Regulator or Controllers	.635 mm	85 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel			DUAL	R-PDSO-G5				Not Qualified	12 V		6 V						15 V
ZSPM1363BA1R1	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	AUTOMOTIVE	32	QCCN	SQUARE	YES			UNSPECIFIED			1			NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK	CHIP CARRIER				125 Cel			-40 Cel	TIN		QUAD	S-XQCC-N32	1				3.3 V	OUTPUT MAX IS 5V		e3		260
IS0-1825BSRH-Q	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR																																							NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
IS0-1845ASRH	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER
EL7563CREZ	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	28	HTSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		1000 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		5 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.65 mm	85 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN		DUAL	R-PDSO-G28		1.2 mm	4.4 mm		3.3 V	ADJUSTABLE VOUT=(1-2.5 VOLT)	3 V	e3			9.7 mm		3.6 V
RAA230143	Renesas Electronics	BATTERY CHARGE CONTROLLER
5962R0724907V9A	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	MILITARY	23	DIE	SQUARE	YES	100k Rad(Si)	1000 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	4 mA	1 A	1	BICMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class V	NO LEAD	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	UNCASED CHIP	DIE OR CHIP			125 Cel		CURRENT-MODE	-55 Cel	Gold (Au)	2 V	UPPER	S-XUUC-N23				Qualified			9 V	e4				1 V	13.2 V
5962F0251101VEC	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING REGULATOR	AUTOMOTIVE	16	DIP	UNSPECIFIED	NO	300k Rad(Si)	425 kHz	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		1 A	1	BICMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class V	THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			SINGLE	IN-LINE			2.54 mm	125 Cel		VOLTAGE-MODE	-50 Cel	GOLD		DUAL	X-CDIP-T16		5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Qualified	12 V	ALSO CAN BE CONFIGURED IN CURRENT MODE	12 V	e4					20 V
M62235FP	Renesas Electronics	SWITCHING CONTROLLER	OTHER	10	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES			PLASTIC/EPOXY			1	BIPOLAR		GULL WING		5 V	5	SINGLE	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP10,.3	Power Management Circuits	1.27 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel			DUAL	R-PDSO-G10		2.1 mm	5.7 mm	Not Qualified	12 V		5 V				6.8 mm		24 V

Switching Regulators & Controllers

Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.

Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.

Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.

Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.