Flash PLD Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) 1,975

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Part	Manufacturer	Programmable IC Type	Grading Of Temperature	Form Of Terminal	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Propagation Delay	No. of Logic Cells	Surface Mount	Maximum Supply Voltage	No. of Macro Cells	Technology Used	Screening Level	No. of Inputs	Nominal Supply Voltage (V)	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	In-System Programmable	Output Function	Minimum Supply Voltage	Pitch Of Terminal	Maximum Operating Temperature	Organization	No. of Dedicated Inputs	Minimum Operating Temperature	Finishing Of Terminal Used	Position Of Terminal	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Clock Frequency	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	No. of Outputs	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	JTAG Boundary Scan Test	No. of I/O Lines
5M1270ZF324C4	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	324	LBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	9.1 ns		Yes	1.89 V	980	CMOS			1.8	1.8,1.2/3.3 V	Grid Array, Low Profile	BGA324,18X18,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	271 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B324		1.55 mm	19 mm	No		e0	247.5 MHz				19 mm	Yes	271
EPM240T100I3ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V					2.5		Flatpack				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3			No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e0							80
EPM570GF100A5N	Altera	Flash PLD	Automotive	Ball	100	LBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	8.7 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array, Low Profile	BGA100,10X10,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	125 °C (257 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100		1.7 mm	11 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1					11 mm	Yes	76
EPM240GT100C3ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Flatpack				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3			No		e0							80
5M80ZM64I5	Altera	Flash PLD	Industrial	Ball	64	TFBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	14 ns		Yes	1.89 V	64	CMOS			1.8	1.8,1.2/3.3 V	Grid Array, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch	BGA64,8X8,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	100 °C (212 °F)	30 I/O		-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B64		1.2 mm	4.5 mm	No		e0	118.3 MHz				4.5 mm	Yes	30
EPM1270GT100I3N	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Flatpack				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Matte Tin	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3			No		e3							0
EPM570GT144A4	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	144	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7 ns		Yes		440	CMOS				1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Flatpack	QFP144,.87SQ,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			.5 mm					Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G144	1			No		e0						Yes
EPM570GT100C5	Altera	Flash PLD	Commercial Extended	Gull Wing	100	TFQFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	8.7 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Flatpack, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch	TQFP100,.63SQ	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3	1.2 mm	14 mm	No		e0		20 s		235 °C (455 °F)	14 mm	Yes	76
EPM570M100C5ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V					2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e0							76
EPM570GF100I4N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	LBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array, Low Profile	BGA100,10X10,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm		0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100		1.7 mm	11 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1					11 mm	Yes	76
EPM2210GF324A3	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	324	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7 ns		Yes		1700	CMOS				1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA324,18X18,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm					Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B324	1			No		e0						Yes
EPM570GM256I3N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	5.4 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm		0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes	160
EPM570GT100C3N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Gull Wing	100	TFQFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	5.4 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Flatpack, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch	TQFP100,.63SQ	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Matte Tin	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3	1.2 mm	14 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e3		30 s		260 °C (500 °F)	14 mm	Yes	76
EPM2210GT100I5N	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Flatpack				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Matte Tin	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3			No		e3							0
EPM1270GM100C3N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No		e1							0
EPM240GF100C5ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No		e0							80
EPM1270GM256A3N	Altera	Flash PLD	Automotive	Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	6.2 ns		Yes	1.89 V	980	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	125 °C (257 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 212 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes	212
EPM2210F324A3N	Altera	Flash PLD	Automotive	Ball	324	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7 ns		Yes	2.625 V	1700	CMOS			2.5	1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA324,18X18,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	125 °C (257 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 272 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B324		2.2 mm	19 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1					19 mm	Yes	272
EPM1270GF100I5N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No		e1							0
EPM570ZM144C6N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	144	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	9.5 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA144,13X13,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B144	3			No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1		30 s		260 °C (500 °F)		Yes
EPM570F100C4N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	100	LBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7 ns		Yes	2.625 V	440	CMOS			2.5	1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array, Low Profile	BGA100,10X10,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100	3	1.7 mm	11 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1		30 s		260 °C (500 °F)	11 mm	Yes	76
EPM570F100I3ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V					2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e0							76
EPM240GM100C3N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	4.7 ns		Yes	1.89 V	192	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA100,11X11,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes	80
5M1270ZF256I5	Altera	Flash PLD	Industrial	Ball	256	LBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	10 ns		Yes	1.89 V	980	CMOS			1.8	1.8,1.2/3.3 V	Grid Array, Low Profile	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	100 °C (212 °F)	211 I/O		-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256		1.55 mm	17 mm	No		e0	201.1 MHz				17 mm	Yes	211
EPM2210GF256A4	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	9.1 ns		Yes		1700	CMOS				1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm					Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256	1			No		e0						Yes
EPM570M100C4ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V					2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e0							76
EPM570M256A5N	Altera	Flash PLD	Automotive	Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	8.7 ns		Yes	2.625 V	440	CMOS			2.5	1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	2.375 V	.5 mm	125 °C (257 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes	160
5M1270ZF324A5N	Altera	Flash PLD	Industrial	Ball	324	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	10 ns		Yes		980	CMOS	AEC-Q100			1.8,1.2/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA324,18X18,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm	105 °C (221 °F)			-40 °C (-40 °F)		Bottom	S-PBGA-B324				No								Yes
EPM1270GM256C3N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	6.2 ns		Yes	1.89 V	980	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 212 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes	212
EPM1270M100C5N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V					2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1							0
EPM570F256A5	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	8.7 ns		Yes		440	CMOS				1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm					Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256	1			No		e0						Yes
EPM570GF100I3	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	5.4 ns		Yes		440	CMOS				1.8,1.8/3 V	Grid Array	BGA100,10X10,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm						Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No								Yes
EPM240F100A4N	Altera	Flash PLD	Automotive	Ball	100	LBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	6.1 ns		Yes	2.625 V	192	CMOS			2.5	1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array, Low Profile	BGA100,10X10,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	125 °C (257 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100		1.7 mm	11 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1					11 mm	Yes	80
EPM240GM100I5N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7.5 ns		Yes	1.89 V	192	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA100,11X11,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm		0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100	3			No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1		30 s		260 °C (500 °F)		Yes	80
EPM570GF256C3N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	5.4 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256	3	2.2 mm	17 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1		30 s		260 °C (500 °F)	17 mm	Yes	160
EPM240GF100I3ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No		e0							80
EPM1270GT100I4ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Flatpack				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100				No		e0							0
EPM570T144A4	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	144	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7 ns		Yes		440	CMOS				1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Flatpack	QFP144,.87SQ,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			.5 mm					Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G144	1			No		e0						Yes
EPM570GT100C4ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Flatpack				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3			No		e0							76
EPM240GT100C4	Altera	Flash PLD	Commercial Extended	Gull Wing	100	TFQFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	6.1 ns		Yes	1.89 V	192	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Flatpack, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch	TQFP100,.63SQ	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3	1.2 mm	14 mm	No		e0		20 s		235 °C (455 °F)	14 mm	Yes	80
EPM570ZM256C7N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	15.1 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256	3			No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1		30 s		260 °C (500 °F)		Yes	160
EPX880LC84-10	Altera	Flash PLD	Commercial	J Bend	84	QCCJ	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	10 ns	80	Yes	5.25 V		CMOS		62	5	3.3/5,5 V	Chip Carrier	LDCC84,1.2SQ	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	4.75 V	1.27 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 60 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQCC-J84		5.08 mm	29.3116 mm	No	Configurable I/O operation with 3.3 V or 5 V	e0	95.2 MHz		62	220 °C (428 °F)	29.3116 mm		60
5M80ZM68I5N	Altera	Flash PLD	Industrial	Ball	68	TFBGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	14 ns		Yes	1.89 V	64	CMOS			1.8	1.8,1.2/3.3 V	Grid Array, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch	BGA68,9X9,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	100 °C (212 °F)	52 I/O		-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B68		1.2 mm	5 mm	No		e1	118.3 MHz				5 mm	Yes	52
EPM570GT144C3	Altera	Flash PLD	Commercial Extended	Gull Wing	144	LFQFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	5.4 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch	QFP144,.87SQ,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 116 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G144	3	1.6 mm	20 mm	No		e0		20 s		220 °C (428 °F)	20 mm	Yes	116
EPM240GT100I5ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V					1.8		Flatpack				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3			No		e0							80
EPM240T100I5ES	Altera	Flash PLD		Gull Wing	100	QFP	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V					2.5		Flatpack				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O	0		Tin Lead	Quad	S-PQFP-G100	3			No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e0							80
EPM570GM256A4N	Altera	Flash PLD	Automotive	Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	7 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS			1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	125 °C (257 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes	160
EPM240GF100C5	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	7.5 ns		Yes		192	CMOS				1.8,1.8/3 V	Grid Array	BGA100,10X10,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm						Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No								Yes

Programmable Logic Devices (PLD)

Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are digital circuits that are designed to be programmed by the user to perform specific logic functions. They consist of an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) that can be programmed to perform any digital function, as well as programmable interconnects that allow these blocks to be connected in any way the designer wishes. This makes PLDs highly versatile and customizable, and they are often used in applications where a high degree of flexibility and performance is required.

PLDs are programmed using specialized software tools that allow the designer to specify the logic functions and interconnects that are required for a particular application. This process is known as synthesis and involves translating the high-level design into a format that can be implemented on the PLD hardware. The resulting configuration data is then loaded onto the PLD, allowing it to perform the desired logic functions.

PLDs are used in a wide range of applications, including digital signal processing, computer networking, and high-performance computing. They offer a number of advantages over traditional fixed-function digital circuits, including the ability to be reprogrammed in the field, lower development costs, and faster time-to-market. However, they also have some disadvantages, including higher power consumption and lower performance compared to custom-designed digital circuits.