1 % Fixed Resistors 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Resistor Type	Mounting Type	Resistance	Rated Power Dissipation (P)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Tolerance	Diameter (Lead)	Rated Temperature	Technology	Shape (Package)	Construction	Packing Method	Size Code	No. of Terminals	Package Style (Meter)	Terminal Shape	Sub-Category	Dimensions	Minimum Operating Temperature	Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel)	Terminal Finish	Length (Lead)	Height (Package)	Operating Voltage	Additional Features	Length (Package)	JESD-609 Code	Diameter (Package)	Reference Standard	Width (Package)
RC0402FR-076K8L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	6800 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3			.5 mm
CRCW06034R70FKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4.7 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 75	1.55 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.85 mm
RC0603FR-134K7L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4700 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 13 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
CRCW0402499RFKED	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	499 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 50	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
CRG0402F100R	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		1mm x .5mm x .35mm	-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3			.5 mm
ERJPA3F10R0V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	1 %		105 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	150 V	HIGH PRECISION, IEC60115-8	1.6 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.8 mm
CRCW060310M0FKEAC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 75	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
MCWR04X1002FTL	Multicomp Pro	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	TIN		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 50	1 mm	e3			.5 mm
RC0603FR-072.7RL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	2.7 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2		WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	200	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier			50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE		e3
RC0603FR-0727RL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	27 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
ERJ2RKF4992X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	49900 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
RC0402FR-0712K1L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	12100 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3			.5 mm
RC0402FR-07330KL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	330000 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3			.5 mm
WSL1206R1000FEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.1 ohm	.25 W	170 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-65 Cel	75	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.635 mm	.1581 V	ANTI-SULFUR	3.2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
CRCW251210K0FKEGHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	1.5 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, BLISTER, 7 INCH	2512	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	500 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 500V	6.3 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	3.15 mm
CRE2512-FZ-R005E-3	Bourns	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.005 ohm	3 W	170 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP		Rectangular	TR, Embossed, 7 Inch	2512	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	50	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.7 mm			6.4 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	3.2 mm
CRGCQ0402F1M0	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000000 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		1mm x .5mm x .35mm	-55 Cel	100			.35 mm	50 V		1 mm			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
MCS04020C1003FE000	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100000 ohm	.063 W	125 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR		-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.32 mm	50 V	ANTI-SULFUR, LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 50	1 mm	e3		CECC40401-801	.5 mm
RC0402FR-073K9L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	3900 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3			.5 mm
CR0402-FX-10R0GLF	Bourns	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.32 mm	50 V		1 mm	e3			.5 mm
CRCW04022K49FKED	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	2490 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 50	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
CRCW060324K3FKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	24300 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 75	1.55 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.85 mm
ERJ2RKF1500X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	150 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ERJU03F1003V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	TIN		.45 mm	75 V	ANTI-SULFUR, IEC60115-8	1.6 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.8 mm
CRCW060310K0FKECC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 13 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 75	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
CRCW0603120KFKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	120000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 75	1.55 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.85 mm
CRCW06034R70FKEAHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4.7 ohm	.33 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 75V	1.6 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.85 mm
CRCW080588R7FKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	88.7 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 150	2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ERJP6WF10R0V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR		-55 Cel	200	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.65 mm	150 V		2 mm	e3			1.25 mm
MC0603SAF0000T5E	Multicomp Pro	JUMPER		0 ohm	.1 W	125 Cel	1 %			METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Chip	TR	0603	2	SMT		Fixed Resistors		-55 Cel				.45 mm	50 V		1.6 mm				.8 mm
CRS2512-FX-10R0ELF	Bourns	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 ohm	2 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH	2512	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	300 V		6.4 mm	e3			3.2 mm
RC0603FR-07240RL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	240 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
AC0402FR-07100RL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.32 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
CRCW040249K9FKED	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	49900 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 50	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
CRCW060330K0FKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	30000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 75	1.55 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.85 mm
RC0603FR-07510RL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	510 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
RWR74SR220FRB12	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.22 ohm	5 W	250 Cel	1 %	1.02 mm	25 Cel	WIRE WOUND		Tubular	BULK		2	Axial	WIRE			-55 Cel	650	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	38.1 mm		1.0488 V		22.23 mm	e0	7.92 mm
HVCB2512FDC250K	Stackpole Electronics	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	250000 ohm	2 W	150 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	TR, Plastic, 7 Inch	2512	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.76 mm	3000 V		6.35 mm	e3			3.18 mm
RC0603FR-07270RL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	270 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
CRCW12101R00FKEAHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1 ohm	.75 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1210	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	200 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 200V	3.2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	2.5 mm
CRGCQ0603F1M0	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000000 ohm	.1 W		1 %			THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		TR	0603	2		WRAPAROUND		1.6mm x .8mm x .45mm		100	TIN OVER NICKEL			75 V			e3
RK73H2ATTD1R00F	Koa Speer Electronics	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	200	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	150 V	PRECISION	2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
CRCW040230K0FKEDC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	30000 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.3 mm	50 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 50	1 mm	e3			.5 mm
CRCW06035K10FKEAC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	5100 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 75	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
ERJ3EKF3301V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	3300 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1.6 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.8 mm
RC0805FR-07560RL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	560 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.5 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	2 mm	e3			1.25 mm
CRCW040230K0FKEDHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	30000 ohm	.2 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.3 mm	50 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 50V	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
CRCW080515K0FKEAC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15000 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	150 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 150	2 mm	e3			1.25 mm

Fixed Resistors

Fixed resistors are passive electronic components that are used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit. They have a fixed value of resistance, meaning their resistance cannot be adjusted once they are manufactured. They are commonly used to set the bias of transistors, control the gain of amplifiers, or limit the current flowing through an LED. Fixed resistors come in various sizes, power ratings, and tolerances.

There are two types of fixed resistors: through-hole and surface mount. Through-hole resistors have leads that are inserted into holes on the printed circuit board (PCB), while surface mount resistors have terminals that are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB. Through-hole resistors are larger and easier to work with, but surface mount resistors are smaller and more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.

Fixed resistors can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon, metal, and wire-wound. Carbon resistors are inexpensive and widely used, but they have a lower tolerance and are more susceptible to noise than other types. Metal film resistors have a higher tolerance and better stability, making them ideal for use in precision circuits. Wire-wound resistors have a higher power rating and are used in high power applications, such as power supplies and amplifiers.