RECTANGULAR Temperature Sensors 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Sensors or Transducers Type Mounting Feature No. of Terminals Output Type Package Shape or Style Package Body Material Maximum Supply Voltage Technology Screening Level No. of Bits Maximum Accuracy (Cel) Body Length/Diameter Body Width Power Supplies (V) Resistance Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Body Height Minimum Supply Voltage Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Responsivity Minimum Output Voltage Resistance Tolerance Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Termination Type Output Interface Type Nominal R0 Maximum Operating Current Linearity (Cel) Nominal Output Current Additional Features Housing JESD-609 Code

KTY82/110,235

NXP Semiconductors

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,CURRENT OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

2.9 mm

1.3 inch

1 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

10 mA

PLASTIC

e3

LM45CIM3/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 V

BIPOLAR

4

2.92 mm

1.3 inch

4/10

TO-236

Other Sensors/Transducers

.92 mm

4 V

100 Cel

-.2 V

-20 Cel

POSITIVE

Matte Tin (Sn)

1 V

SOLDER

35 ohm

.12 mA

0.80

PLASTIC

e3

TMP275AIDRG4

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

0.5

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

127 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.085 mA

HYSTERESIS IS 0.5V

PLASTIC

e4

TMP112NAIDRLR

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

12

1

1.6 mm

1.2 inch

.6 mm

1.4 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.01 mA

PLASTIC

e4

TMP75AIDRG4

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.05 mA

HYSTERESIS 500 MV

PLASTIC

e4

NB-PTCO-157

TE Connectivity

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,RTD,PLATINUM

RECTANGULAR

0.3

2.3 mm

2 inch

1000 ohm

1.1 mm

300 Cel

-50 Cel

WIRE

1000 ohm

PLATINUM

LM95071QIMFX/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

AEC-Q100

14

2

2.9 mm

1.6 inch

3.3

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.45 mm

2.4 V

150 Cel

.4 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

2.25 V

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

.28 mA

PLASTIC

e3

LM60CIM3

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 V

BIPOLAR

4

2.92 mm

1.3 inch

3

TO-236

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.015 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

.174 V

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

1.205 V

SOLDER

800 ohm

.11 mA

e0

MCP9808-E/MC

Microchip Technology

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

16

1

3 mm

2 inch

.9 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.2 mA

PLASTIC

LMT86LPGM

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

2.70

4 mm

1.52 inch

5.05 mm

2.2 V

150 Cel

-50 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

.009 mA

SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION

PLASTIC

e3

703-102BBB-A00

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,RTD,PLATINUM

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

1.65 mm

.6 inch

3.25 mm

130 Cel

-50 Cel

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

TERMINALS

1000 ohm

.3 mA

e3

LM335MX/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.04 V

BIPOLAR

6

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

5 V

100 Cel

2.92 V

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

3.04 V

SOLDER

.6 ohm

.4 mA

ALSO AVAILABLE IN PLASTIC TO-92 PACKAGE

PLASTIC

e3

TMP235A2DCKT

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

2

2 mm

1.25 inch

1.1 mm

2.3 V

150 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)

SOLDER

20 ohm

.0145 mA

SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION

PLASTIC

e4

702-102BBB-A00

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,RTD,PLATINUM

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

1.4 mm

.52 inch

2.3 mm

130 Cel

-50 Cel

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

TERMINALS

1000 ohm

.3 mA

e3

LM61CIM3/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 V

BIPOLAR

4

2.92 mm

1.3 inch

3

TO-236

Other Sensors/Transducers

.93 mm

2.7 V

100 Cel

.3 V

-30 Cel

POSITIVE

Matte Tin (Sn)

1.6 V

SOLDER

800 ohm

.125 mA

0.80

PLASTIC

e3

TMP05ARTZ-REEL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

HYBRID

12

2

2.9 mm

1.6 inch

3.3/5

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.15 mm

3 V

150 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

.65 mA

PLASTIC

e3

67L070P

Sensata Technologies

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SINGLE TRIP POINT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

10.16 mm

4.7 inch

130 Cel

40 Cel

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

SOLDER

PLASTIC

e3

HIH6121-021-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

14

1

4.9 mm

1.905 inch

3.9 mm

2.3 V

85 Cel

-25 Cel

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

1 mA

HIH8131-021-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

AD7414ARTZ-1500RL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

10

3

2.9 mm

1.6 inch

3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.15 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.2 mA

PLASTIC

e4

DS1621

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

9

9.398 mm

7.62 inch

3/5

DIP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

4.32 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-300

PLASTIC

e0

DS1621+

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

9

9.398 mm

7.62 inch

3/5

DIP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

4.32 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-300

PLASTIC

e3

HEL-775-A-T-0

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,RTD,PLATINUM

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

2

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

3.81 mm

.64 inch

SIP2,.05

5.08 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

100 ohm

1 mA

CERAMIC

MCP98244T-BE/MNY

Microchip Technology

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC

3.6 V

16

3

3 mm

2 inch

SOLCC8,.11,20

.75 mm

1.7 V

125 Cel

.4 V

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.5 mA

PLASTIC

MCP9844T-BE/MNY

Microchip Technology

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC

3.6 V

1

3 mm

2 inch

.75 mm

1.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.5 mA

PLASTIC

e4

LM75BD,112

NXP Semiconductors

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

11

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.8 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

5 mA

PLASTIC

e4

LM34DMX/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

30 V

BIPOLAR

0.556

4.902 mm

3.899 inch

SO(UNSPEC)

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

5 V

149 Cel

-.5 V

-45 Cel

POSITIVE

MATTE TIN

3 V

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.4 ohm

.16 mA

PLASTIC

e3

MAX6577ZUT-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

8

3

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.175 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

NEGATIVE/POSITIVE

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

.14 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6577ZUT+T

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5

2.9 mm

1.62 inch

3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

NEGATIVE/POSITIVE

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

.14 mA

PLASTIC

e3

TMP37GS

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BIPOLAR

4

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

2.7 V

150 Cel

.1 V

-55 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

2 V

SOLDER

.05 mA

0.5

PLASTIC

e0

DS1822Z

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3.3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.55 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1.5 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-150

PLASTIC

e0

DS1822Z+

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3.3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.55 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1.5 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-150

PLASTIC

e3

NB-PTCO-053

TE Connectivity

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,RTD,PLATINUM

RECTANGULAR

0.3

5 mm

2 inch

100 ohm

1.1 mm

300 Cel

-50 Cel

WIRE

100 ohm

PLATINUM

DS1775R/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3/5

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.25 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1775R+T&R

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3/5

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.25 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e3

HIH6030-000-001

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

LM86CIM/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

CMOS

8

3

4.89 mm

3.9 inch

3.3

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.72 mm

3 V

125 Cel

0 Cel

NEGATIVE/POSITIVE

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.7 mA

PLASTIC

e3

AD7414ARTZ-0REEL

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

10

3

2.9 mm

1.6 inch

3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.15 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.2 mA

PLASTIC

e4

ADT75ARZ-REEL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3.3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.37 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

.001 mA

ACCURACY FOR A GRADE

PLASTIC

e3

DS1620S

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

9

0.50

5.31 mm

5.285 inch

3/5

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.905 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-208

PLASTIC

e0

DS1620S+

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

9

5.31 mm

5.285 inch

3/5

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.905 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-208

PLASTIC

e3

LM92CIM/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

13

0.5

4.89 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.72 mm

2.7 V

150 Cel

.4 V

-55 Cel

POSITIVE

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.625 mA

PLASTIC

e3

LMT87DCKT

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

2.70

2 mm

1.25 inch

3/5

TSSOP5/6,.08

Other Sensors/Transducers

.95 mm

2.7 V

150 Cel

-50 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

.009 mA

SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION

PLASTIC

e3

NB-PTCO-170

TE Connectivity

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,RTD,PLATINUM

RECTANGULAR

0.15

5 mm

2 inch

1000 ohm

1.1 mm

300 Cel

-30 Cel

WIRE

1000 ohm

PLATINUM

LM73CIMKX-1/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

1

2.9 mm

1.6 inch

3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.1 mm

2.7 V

150 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.55 mA

PLASTIC

e4

LM75BGD

NXP Semiconductors

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

11

3

3 mm

2 inch

3/5

SOLCC8,.12,20

Other Sensors

.5 mm

2.8 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

5 mA

PLASTIC

e4

MCP9701T-E/LTVAO

Microchip Technology

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

AEC-Q100; TS 16949

8

6

2 mm

1.25 inch

TSSOP5/6,.08

.95 mm

3.1 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

.015 mA

PLASTIC

e3

AD7745ARUZ-REEL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.25 V

24

2

5 mm

4.4 inch

1.2 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.7 mA

e3

Temperature Sensors

Temperature sensors are electronic devices that are used to measure the temperature of a system or environment. They are widely used in a variety of applications, including industrial, automotive, medical, and consumer electronics.

Temperature sensors work based on the principle of converting temperature into an electrical signal. This can be achieved using different sensing technologies, including thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and infrared sensors.

Thermocouples generate a voltage signal in response to temperature changes, while RTDs and thermistors change their resistance as the temperature changes. Infrared sensors measure the thermal radiation emitted by objects and use it to calculate the temperature.

Temperature sensors are used in a wide range of applications, including monitoring temperature in industrial processes, automotive engines, and medical devices. They are also used for temperature control in HVAC systems, refrigeration systems, and cooking appliances.