Renesas Electronics ATM/SONET/SDH Circuits 225
| Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Telecom IC Type | Temperature Grade | Terminal Form | No. of Terminals | Package Code | Package Shape | Package Body Material | Applications | Surface Mount | No. of Functions | No. of Channels | Technology | Nominal Negative Supply Voltage | Maximum Supply Current | Nominal Supply Voltage | Power Supplies (V) | Package Style (Meter) | Package Equivalence Code | Sub-Category | Terminal Pitch | Maximum Operating Temperature | Minimum Operating Temperature | Terminal Finish | Terminal Position | Data Rate | JESD-30 Code | Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) | Maximum Seated Height | Width | Qualification | Additional Features | JESD-609 Code | Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) | Peak Reflow Temperature (C) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
NO LEAD |
72 |
HVQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
380 mA |
1.2 V |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE |
LCC72,.39SQ,20 |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N72 |
3 |
1 mm |
10 mm |
e3 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
260 |
10 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
PIN/PEG |
22 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-5.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P22 |
Not Qualified |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
GULL WING |
144 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM; SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
.45 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
QFP144,.87SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G144 |
1.6 mm |
20 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
20 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH CLOCK RECOVERY CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
BALL |
256 |
BGA |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
1.8 V |
GRID ARRAY |
1 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
BOTTOM |
S-PBGA-B256 |
3 |
3.5 mm |
17 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
17 mm |
|||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
PIN/PEG |
20 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-5.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P20 |
Not Qualified |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
BALL |
144 |
LBGA |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE |
BGA144,12X12,40 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
1 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
BOTTOM |
S-PBGA-B144 |
3 |
1.5 mm |
13 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
20 |
225 |
13 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
MULTI-PROTOCOL CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY CIRCUIT |
GULL WING |
20 |
TSSOP |
RECTANGULAR |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
80 mA |
3.3 V |
SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH |
TSSOP20,.25 |
.65 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G20 |
1 |
1.2 mm |
4.4 mm |
e3 |
260 |
6.5 mm |
||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
J BEND |
84 |
QCCJ |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
160 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
CHIP CARRIER |
LDCC84,1.2SQ |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
1.27 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-J84 |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
GULL WING |
100 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
200 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
QFP100,.63SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G100 |
3 |
1.6 mm |
14 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
20 |
240 |
14 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH NETWORK INTERFACE |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
80 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
60 mA |
5 V |
3.3,5 |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
QFP80,.55SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G80 |
1.7 mm |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
12 mm |
|||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
GULL WING |
80 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G80 |
1.7 mm |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH NETWORK INTERFACE |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
144 |
QFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
.14 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
FLATPACK |
QFP144,1.2SQ |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.65 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G144 |
4.07 mm |
28 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
28 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
PIN/PEG |
20 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-5.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P20 |
Not Qualified |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH NETWORK INTERFACE |
INDUSTRIAL |
GULL WING |
144 |
QFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK |
.65 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G144 |
4.07 mm |
28 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
28 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
PIN/PEG |
24 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-5.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P24 |
Not Qualified |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
100 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G100 |
3 |
1.6 mm |
14 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
14 mm |
|||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SEGMENTATION AND REASSEMBLY DEVICE |
GULL WING |
240 |
FQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK, FINE PITCH |
.5 mm |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G240 |
3 |
3.8 mm |
32 mm |
Not Qualified |
10 |
250 |
32 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
NO LEAD |
72 |
HVQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
380 mA |
1.2 V |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE |
LCC72,.39SQ,20 |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N72 |
1 mm |
10 mm |
10 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH NETWORK INTERFACE |
UNSPECIFIED |
37 |
UNSPECIFIED |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY |
TIN LEAD |
UNSPECIFIED |
X-XXMA-X37 |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH NETWORK INTERFACE |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
64 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G64 |
1.6 mm |
10 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
10 mm |
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), SONET (Synchronous Optical Network), and SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) circuits are high-speed communication technologies used in telecommunications networks.
ATM is a cell-based network technology that enables high-speed data transfer, video and voice communication. It divides data into fixed-size cells and sends them across the network using time-division multiplexing (TDM).
SONET and SDH are both standard protocols for optical telecommunications transport. They use synchronous timing signals to enable high-speed communication over fiber optic networks. SONET is used primarily in North America, while SDH is used primarily in Europe and other regions.
ATM, SONET, and SDH circuits offer several advantages over other communication technologies. They provide high-speed communication with low latency, allowing for efficient data transfer and real-time voice and video communication. They also provide a high level of reliability and fault tolerance, making them ideal for use in mission-critical applications such as banking, healthcare, and defense.
However, these circuits also require specialized hardware and software, and can be more expensive to implement and maintain than other communication technologies. They also require a high level of expertise to configure and manage.