Renesas Electronics ATM/SONET/SDH Circuits 225
| Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Telecom IC Type | Temperature Grade | Terminal Form | No. of Terminals | Package Code | Package Shape | Package Body Material | Applications | Surface Mount | No. of Functions | No. of Channels | Technology | Nominal Negative Supply Voltage | Maximum Supply Current | Nominal Supply Voltage | Power Supplies (V) | Package Style (Meter) | Package Equivalence Code | Sub-Category | Terminal Pitch | Maximum Operating Temperature | Minimum Operating Temperature | Terminal Finish | Terminal Position | Data Rate | JESD-30 Code | Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) | Maximum Seated Height | Width | Qualification | Additional Features | JESD-609 Code | Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) | Peak Reflow Temperature (C) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
GULL WING |
240 |
FQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM; SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
800 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
FLATPACK, FINE PITCH |
QFP240,1.3SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G240 |
3.8 mm |
32 mm |
Not Qualified |
32 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
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|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
OTHER |
PIN/PEG |
22 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-5.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
85 Cel |
-20 Cel |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P22 |
Not Qualified |
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|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
80 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
.16 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
QFP80,.55SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G80 |
1.7 mm |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
12 mm |
||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH CLOCK RECOVERY CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
BALL |
256 |
BGA |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
1.8 V |
GRID ARRAY |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu) |
BOTTOM |
S-PBGA-B256 |
3 |
e1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
260 |
||||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH CLOCK RECOVERY CIRCUIT |
GULL WING |
100 |
QFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
528 mA |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G100 |
3 |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
30 |
260 |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
J BEND |
84 |
QCCJ |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
180 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
CHIP CARRIER |
LDCC84,1.2SQ |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
1.27 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-J84 |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
GULL WING |
100 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
305 mA |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
QFP100,.63SQ,20 |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G100 |
3 |
1.6 mm |
14 mm |
e3 |
260 |
14 mm |
|||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH TRANSMITTER |
COMMERCIAL |
UNSPECIFIED |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
65 Cel |
0 Cel |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-X |
Not Qualified |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SEGMENTATION AND REASSEMBLY DEVICE |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
208 |
FQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
5 V |
5 |
FLATPACK, FINE PITCH |
QFP208,1.2SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G208 |
3.8 mm |
28 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
28 mm |
||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
UNSPECIFIED |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-X |
Not Qualified |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
J BEND |
84 |
QCCJ |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
160 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
CHIP CARRIER |
LDCC84,1.2SQ |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
1.27 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-J84 |
4.57 mm |
29.3116 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
29.3116 mm |
||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
GULL WING |
80 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
.5 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G80 |
1.7 mm |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
UNSPECIFIED |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-X |
Not Qualified |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
INDUSTRIAL |
PIN/PEG |
20 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-5.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P20 |
Not Qualified |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH TRANSMITTER |
PIN/PEG |
24 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-2.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P24 |
Not Qualified |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH RECEIVER |
PIN/PEG |
20 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
-5.2 V |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P20 |
Not Qualified |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
1 |
3.3 V |
TIN LEAD |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
INDUSTRIAL |
J BEND |
84 |
QCCJ |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
180 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
CHIP CARRIER |
LDCC84,1.2SQ |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
1.27 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-J84 |
4.57 mm |
29.3116 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
29.3116 mm |
||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH TRANSCEIVER |
COMMERCIAL |
UNSPECIFIED |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-X |
Not Qualified |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH TRANSMITTER |
PIN/PEG |
20 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P20 |
Not Qualified |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
BALL |
144 |
TFBGA |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
380 mA |
1.2 V |
GRID ARRAY, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
BGA144,12X12,32 |
.8 mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
TIN SILVER COPPER |
BOTTOM |
S-PBGA-B144 |
3 |
1.2 mm |
10 mm |
e1 |
260 |
10 mm |
|||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
64 |
QFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
CMOS |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
FLATPACK |
QFP64,.47SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G64 |
3 |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
30 |
240 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
9 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
80 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G80 |
1.7 mm |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SWITCHING CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
80 |
LFQFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
ATM |
YES |
1 |
160 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH |
QFP80,.55SQ,20 |
ATM/SONET/SDH ICs |
.5 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G80 |
1.7 mm |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
12 mm |
||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH TRANSMITTER |
PIN/PEG |
20 |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
NO |
1 |
5 V |
FIBER OPTIC |
UNSPECIFIED |
R-XXFO-P20 |
Not Qualified |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
SDH; SONET |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
3.1 mm |
8.99 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
8.99 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH NETWORK INTERFACE |
COMMERCIAL |
GULL WING |
144 |
QFP |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
1 |
CMOS |
3.3 V |
FLATPACK |
.65 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-PQFP-G144 |
4.07 mm |
28 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
28 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Renesas Electronics |
ATM/SONET/SDH SUPPORT CIRCUIT |
COMMERCIAL |
NO LEAD |
36 |
QCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
1 |
3.3 V |
CHIP CARRIER |
.635 mm |
70 Cel |
0 Cel |
TIN LEAD |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N36 |
2.8 mm |
9 mm |
Not Qualified |
e0 |
9 mm |
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), SONET (Synchronous Optical Network), and SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) circuits are high-speed communication technologies used in telecommunications networks.
ATM is a cell-based network technology that enables high-speed data transfer, video and voice communication. It divides data into fixed-size cells and sends them across the network using time-division multiplexing (TDM).
SONET and SDH are both standard protocols for optical telecommunications transport. They use synchronous timing signals to enable high-speed communication over fiber optic networks. SONET is used primarily in North America, while SDH is used primarily in Europe and other regions.
ATM, SONET, and SDH circuits offer several advantages over other communication technologies. They provide high-speed communication with low latency, allowing for efficient data transfer and real-time voice and video communication. They also provide a high level of reliability and fault tolerance, making them ideal for use in mission-critical applications such as banking, healthcare, and defense.
However, these circuits also require specialized hardware and software, and can be more expensive to implement and maintain than other communication technologies. They also require a high level of expertise to configure and manage.