TSSOP Cellphone ICs 101

Reset All
Part RoHS Manufacturer Telecom IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Package Body Material Surface Mount No. of Functions Output Code No. of Channels Technology Screening Level No. of Transceivers Maximum Supply Current Nominal Supply Voltage Power Supplies (V) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Resolution (um) Minimum Operating Temperature Maximum Gain Tolerance Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Terminal Position Data Rate JESD-30 Code Output (V) Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Linear Coding Width Qualification Companding Law Input Type Additional Features Maximum Analog Input JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Filter

CC1050PWG3

Texas Instruments

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

3 V

2.5/3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

3

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e4

30

260

7.8 mm

CC1050-RTR1

Texas Instruments

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

3

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

e4

30

260

7.8 mm

HMC422MS8

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1

1.1 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

e0

235

3 mm

HMC485MS8GETR

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1

1.1 mm

3 mm

e3

260

3 mm

HMC485MS8GTR

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1

1.1 mm

3 mm

e0

235

3 mm

AD8348ARUZ

Analog Devices

BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

28

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP28,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G28

1

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

9.7 mm

HMC422MS8TR

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1

1.1 mm

3 mm

e0

235

3 mm

AD8348XXX

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

28

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-34 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G28

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e0

9.7 mm

HMC422MS8E

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1

1.1 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

e3

260

3 mm

MAX2690EUB+T

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

10

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

1

1.092 mm

2.9465 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

3 mm

MAX2690EUB+

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

10

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

1

1.092 mm

2.9465 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

3 mm

MAX4003EUA+C1D

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1.1 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

3 mm

ADF7901BRU-REEL

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e0

240

7.8 mm

ADF7901BRUZ-REEL

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e3

7.8 mm

ADF7901BRU

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e0

240

7.8 mm

ADF7901BRUZ

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

7.8 mm

ADF7901BRUZ-RL7

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e3

260

7.8 mm

ADF7901BRUZ-REEL7

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e3

7.8 mm

ADF7901BRUZ-RL

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

7.8 mm

ADF7901BRU-REEL7

Analog Devices

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

50 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e0

240

7.8 mm

SA3603DH

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

2.8 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e4

5 mm

MRFIC1814

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

SA3604DH

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

2.8 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e4

5 mm

SA621DH-T

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

20

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

6.5 mm

SA9500DH

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

20

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

2.85 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-30 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

6.5 mm

SA621DH

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

20

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

6.5 mm

SA9502DH

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

20

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-30 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

6.5 mm

MRFIC1814R2

NXP Semiconductors

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

5.1 mm

CMY191

Infineon Technologies

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

GULL WING

10

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.5 mm

DUAL

S-PDSO-G10

1.1 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

3 mm

PMB2208

Infineon Technologies

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

.014 mA

3.6 V

2.7/4.5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP24,.25

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

85 Cel

-30 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

3

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

260

7.8 mm

MAX4003EUA-C1D

Maxim Integrated

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1.1 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

3 mm

MAX4003EUA/GH9

Maxim Integrated

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

TSSOP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

S-PDSO-G8

1.1 mm

3 mm

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

3 mm

MAX2690EUB-T

Maxim Integrated

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

10

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

1

1.092 mm

2.9465 mm

Not Qualified

e0

3 mm

MAX2690EUB

Maxim Integrated

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

10

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

1

1.092 mm

2.9465 mm

Not Qualified

e0

3 mm

MAX2055EUP-T

Maxim Integrated

BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

20

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

1

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

e0

6.5 mm

UPC8112TB-E3

Renesas Electronics

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e0

2 mm

UPC8112TB

Renesas Electronics

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e0

2 mm

UPG2128TB-E3

Renesas Electronics

RF FRONT END CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

90 Cel

-30 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

2 mm

UPG2121TB-E3

Renesas Electronics

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

GAAS

.0045 mA

2.8 V

2.8

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP6,.08

Other Telecom ICs

.65 mm

90 Cel

-30 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e0

2 mm

UPG2130TB-E3

Renesas Electronics

RF FRONT END CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

90 Cel

-30 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

2 mm

UPC8112TB-E3-A

Renesas Electronics

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN BISMUTH

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e6

2 mm

UPG2106TB-E3

Renesas Electronics

RF FRONT END CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

90 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

2 mm

UPG2110TB-E3

Renesas Electronics

RF FRONT END CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

90 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

2 mm

UPG2126TB-E3

Renesas Electronics

RF FRONT END CIRCUIT

OTHER

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3.6 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

90 Cel

-30 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

2 mm

IAM-91563-TR1

Broadcom

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e0

2.025 mm

IAM-91563-TR1G

Broadcom

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e3

260

2.025 mm

IAM-91563-BLK

Broadcom

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e0

2.025 mm

IAM-91563-TR2G

Broadcom

RF AND BASEBAND CIRCUIT

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e3

260

2.025 mm

Cellphone ICs

Cellphone ICs (Integrated Circuits) are the electronic components that provide the processing power and functionality for modern cellphones. They are responsible for a wide range of functions, including signal processing, data storage, and communication protocols.

Some common types of cellphone ICs include:

1. Baseband processors: These ICs are responsible for handling the core functions of a cellphone, such as making calls and sending messages. They also manage the cellphone's power consumption and system resources.

2. Radio frequency (RF) transceivers: These ICs are responsible for transmitting and receiving RF signals over cellular networks. They also provide the ability to switch between different network bands and frequencies.

3. Power management ICs: These ICs manage the power supply and battery life of a cellphone. They regulate voltage and current to ensure efficient operation and prevent damage to the device.

4. Memory ICs: These ICs provide storage for the cellphone's operating system, applications, and user data. They include flash memory, RAM, and other types of non-volatile memory.

5. Sensor ICs: These ICs provide sensing capabilities, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and proximity sensors. They enable the cellphone to detect motion, orientation, and other environmental conditions.