8 Network Interfaces 1,352

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Part	Manufacturer	Telecom IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	No. of Channels	Technology	Screening Level	No. of Transceivers	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Data Rate	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length
L9616	STMicroelectronics	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS	AEC-Q100	1	80 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	3	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	4.9 mm
MAX13053ASA-T	Maxim Integrated	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1		5 V	3.3,5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e0			4.9 mm
MAX13053ASA+T	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1		5 V	3.3,5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	4.9 mm
MCP2003AT-E/SN	Microchip Technology	LIN TRANSCEIVER		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			TS 16949	1		12 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e3	30	260	4.9 mm
MCP2025-500E/MDVAO	Microchip Technology	LIN TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100; TS 16949	1		12 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.16,32		.8 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	4 mm		e3			4 mm
MCP2544WFD-E/SN	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	8 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	4.9 mm
MCP2544WFD-H/SN	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	8 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	4.9 mm
MCP2544WFDT-H/MNY	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100; TS 16949	1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,20		.5 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	8 Mbps	R-PDSO-N8		.8 mm	2 mm		e3	30	260	3 mm
MCP2544WFDT-H/SN	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	8 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	4.9 mm
PCA82C250	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	THROUGH-HOLE	8	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1		BICMOS		1	.07 mA	5 V	5	IN-LINE	DIP8,.3	Network Interfaces	2.54 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDIP-T8		4.2 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified		40	250	9.5 mm
PTCAN1044DRBRQ1	Texas Instruments	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	180 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	2 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm					3 mm
SN65LBC031QDR	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1			1	.08 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	4.9 mm
TJA1020T/N/S490,11	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						12 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm				DUAL		R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified				4.9 mm
TJA1020T/N1,112	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						12 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm			NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4			4.9 mm
TLE7250SJXUMA1	Infineon Technologies	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100			5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm			NICKEL GOLD PALLADIUM	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	2A	1.75 mm	4 mm					5 mm
TLE7250XLEXUMA1	Infineon Technologies	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		NO LEAD	8	HTSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100			5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE			.65 mm			TIN	DUAL		S-PDSO-N8	2A	1.15 mm	3 mm		e3			3 mm
ADM3051CRZ	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		DMOS		1	.078 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	4.9 mm
ADM3051CRZ-REEL7	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e3	30	260	4.9 mm
AMIS30660CANH2G	Onsemi	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	.065 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	2	1.7272 mm	3.937 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	4.9276 mm
AMIS42665TJAA1RG	Onsemi	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	.065 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	2	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	4.9 mm
ATA6560-GBQW	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	70 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	5 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		.9 mm	3 mm		e3			3 mm
ATA6560-GBQW-VAO	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	70 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	5 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm					3 mm
ATA6562-GAQW1	Microchip Technology	CAN TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100; TS 16949	1	85 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	5 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm					4.9 mm
ATA6562-GAQW1-VAO	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100;AEC-Q006	1	85 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	4.9 mm					3.9 mm
L9616D	STMicroelectronics	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	3	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4			4.9 mm
LTC2875MPDD#TRPBF	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	MILITARY	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS				3.3 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	125 Cel	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		S-PDSO-N8	1	.8 mm	3 mm		e3	30	260	3 mm
MAX13051ESA-T	Maxim Integrated	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1	.072 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e0			4.9 mm
MAX13051ESA+T	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1	.072 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	4.9 mm
MAX14883EASA+T	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e3	30	260	8.65 mm
MAX33012EASA+	Analog Devices	CAN TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	70 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	5 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e3	30	260	4.9 mm
MC34901SEF	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	.065 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	Tin (Sn)	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	3	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e3	40	260	4.9 mm
MCP2003-E/SNVAO	Microchip Technology	LIN TRANSCEIVER		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100; TS 16949	1		12 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm					4.9 mm
MCP2004A-E/SN	Microchip Technology	LIN TRANSCEIVER		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			TS 16949	1		12 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e3	30	260	4.9 mm
MCP2542WFD-E/MF	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	8 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm		e3	30	260	3 mm
MCP2542WFDT-H/MF	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	8 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm		e3	30	260	3 mm
MCP2561T-H/SNVAO	Microchip Technology	CAN TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100; TS 16949	1	70 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e3			4.9 mm
NCV7344MW0R2G	Onsemi	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	70 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	5 Mbps	S-XDSO-N8	1	.9 mm	3 mm		e3	30	260	3 mm
NCV7428D15R2G	Onsemi	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100			12 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	2	1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e3	30	260	4.9 mm
PTCAN1462DRBRQ1	Texas Instruments	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER		NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	130 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	8 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm					3 mm
SN65HVD1040AQDRQ1	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	.07 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	4.9 mm
SN65HVD252D	Texas Instruments	TOKEN RING TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1			1	.08 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	4.9 mm
SN65HVD267DR	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1			1	180 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	2 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
SN75LBC031D	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1			1	.08 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	70 Cel	0 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	4.9 mm
TCAN1051DRBRQ1	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	MILITARY	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	180 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.65 mm	125 Cel	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	2 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8	1	1 mm	3 mm		e3	30	260	3 mm
TCAN4420DR	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1			1	180 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	5 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	2	1.75 mm	3.895 mm		e4	30	260	4.905 mm
TJA1020T	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						12 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm			NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e4			4.9 mm
TJA1020T/N,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						12 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm			TIN LEAD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	e0			4.9 mm
TJA1020T/VM,112	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100			12 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm				DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm				260	4.9 mm

Network Interfaces

A network interface is an electronic component that connects a device to a network, enabling it to communicate with other devices and access shared resources. Network interfaces are essential for modern communication systems, providing a means of transmitting and receiving data over a variety of communication channels and protocols.

Some common types of network interfaces include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular network interfaces. Ethernet is a wired network interface that uses twisted-pair cables to transmit data over local area networks (LANs). Wi-Fi is a wireless network interface that uses radio waves to transmit data over wireless local area networks (WLANs). Bluetooth is a short-range wireless network interface that is used for connecting peripheral devices such as keyboards and headphones to computers and mobile devices. Cellular network interfaces are used for mobile communications over cellular networks, providing internet connectivity and voice communication.

Network interfaces use various protocols and standards to ensure reliable and efficient data transmission. These protocols include TCP/IP, which is used for internet communication, and IEEE 802.11, which is used for wireless LANs. Network interfaces also use techniques such as packet framing, error correction, and flow control to ensure that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently.

In addition to providing a means of data transmission, network interfaces also enable devices to access shared resources such as printers and file servers. They also enable devices to communicate with each other, allowing for collaboration and information sharing.