Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Polarity or Channel Type | Configuration | Surface Mount | Nominal Transition Frequency (fT) | Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs) | Maximum Collector Current (IC) | Package Body Material | Transistor Application | Maximum VCEsat | Minimum Power Gain (Gp) | Terminal Form | Package Shape | No. of Elements | Highest Frequency Band | No. of Terminals | Package Style (Meter) | Sub-Category | Maximum Power Dissipation Ambient | Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE) | Maximum Operating Temperature | Maximum Collector-Base Capacitance | Transistor Element Material | Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage | Maximum Turn On Time (ton) | Minimum Operating Temperature | Maximum Turn Off Time (toff) | Terminal Finish | Terminal Position | JESD-30 Code | Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) | Case Connection | Qualification | Additional Features | JEDEC-95 Code | JESD-609 Code | Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) | Peak Reflow Temperature (C) | Reference Standard |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED |
AMPLIFIER |
FLAT |
UNSPECIFIED |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
MICROWAVE |
Other Transistors |
55 |
200 Cel |
.29 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
UNSPECIFIED |
X-CXMW-F4 |
EMITTER |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
||||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
1 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
|||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
1 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
1 |
e3 |
AEC-Q101 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
45000 MHz |
.08 W |
.02 A |
UNSPECIFIED |
AMPLIFIER |
NO LEAD |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
X BAND |
3 |
CHIP CARRIER |
BIP RF Small Signal |
160 |
150 Cel |
SILICON GERMANIUM |
4 V |
MATTE TIN |
BOTTOM |
R-XBCC-N3 |
EMITTER |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
|||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
2 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
6 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G6 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
260 |
|||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
2 |
L BAND |
6 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G6 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
|||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED |
AMPLIFIER |
FLAT |
UNSPECIFIED |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
MICROWAVE |
Other Transistors |
55 |
200 Cel |
.29 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
UNSPECIFIED |
X-CXMW-F4 |
EMITTER |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
||||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
TIN LEAD |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED |
AMPLIFIER |
FLAT |
UNSPECIFIED |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
MICROWAVE |
.29 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
-65 Cel |
UNSPECIFIED |
X-CXMW-F4 |
LOW NOISE |
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY |
|||||||||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED |
AMPLIFIER |
FLAT |
UNSPECIFIED |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
MICROWAVE |
Other Transistors |
55 |
200 Cel |
.29 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
UNSPECIFIED |
X-CXMW-F4 |
EMITTER |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
ESA-SCC-5611/006 |
|||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
45000 MHz |
.02 A |
UNSPECIFIED |
AMPLIFIER |
NO LEAD |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
X BAND |
3 |
CHIP CARRIER |
SILICON GERMANIUM |
4 V |
BOTTOM |
R-XBCC-N3 |
EMITTER |
LOW NOISE |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
COLLECTOR |
AEC-Q101 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
AEC-Q101 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
YES |
.08 W |
.02 A |
1 |
BIP RF Small Signal |
160 |
SILICON GERMANIUM |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
.5 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
40 |
260 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
|||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
YES |
.08 W |
.02 A |
1 |
BIP RF Small Signal |
160 |
SILICON GERMANIUM |
1 |
260 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
14000 MHz |
.06 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
FLAT |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
70 |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
6 V |
TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-F3 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
150 Cel |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
|||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.5 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
260 |
||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
14000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
FLAT |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
150 Cel |
.4 pF |
SILICON |
6 V |
150 Cel |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-F3 |
LOW NOISE |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
150 Cel |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
260 |
|||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.175 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
150 Cel |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
MATTE TIN |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
1 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e3 |
|||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
AEC-Q101 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
YES |
.08 W |
.02 A |
1 |
BIP RF Small Signal |
160 |
SILICON GERMANIUM |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
YES |
.08 W |
.02 A |
1 |
BIP RF Small Signal |
160 |
SILICON GERMANIUM |
1 |
260 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Infineon Technologies |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
8000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
L BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
.45 pF |
SILICON |
12 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
AEC-Q101 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
550 MHz |
.1 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
17 dB |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
40 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
TIN LEAD |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
10000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
80 |
125 Cel |
.95 pF |
SILICON |
10 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
|||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
NO |
550 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
15 dB |
THROUGH-HOLE |
ROUND |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
CYLINDRICAL |
70 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
BOTTOM |
O-PBCY-T3 |
Not Qualified |
TO-92 |
||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
NO |
550 MHz |
.1 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
THROUGH-HOLE |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
IN-LINE |
Other Transistors |
40 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
TIN LEAD |
SINGLE |
R-PSIP-T3 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
10000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
80 |
125 Cel |
.95 pF |
SILICON |
10 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
1100 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
14 dB |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
40 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
20 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
9000 MHz |
.1 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
FLAT |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
125 Cel |
.85 pF |
SILICON |
5 V |
TIN LEAD |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-F3 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
NO |
550 MHz |
.1 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
THROUGH-HOLE |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
IN-LINE |
Other Transistors |
40 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
SINGLE |
R-PSIP-T3 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
9000 MHz |
.15 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
5 V |
TIN LEAD |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
550 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
17 dB |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
70 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
Not Qualified |
|||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
9000 MHz |
.1 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
125 Cel |
.85 pF |
SILICON |
5 V |
TIN LEAD |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
550 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
17 dB |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
40 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G3 |
Not Qualified |
TO-236 |
||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
16000 MHz |
.15 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
5 V |
TIN LEAD |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
10000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
50 |
125 Cel |
.95 pF |
SILICON |
10 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
YES |
10000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
1 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
4 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
50 |
125 Cel |
.95 pF |
SILICON |
10 V |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G4 |
COLLECTOR |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
|||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS |
YES |
9000 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
GULL WING |
RECTANGULAR |
2 |
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
6 |
SMALL OUTLINE |
Other Transistors |
50 |
125 Cel |
.85 pF |
SILICON |
5 V |
TIN LEAD |
DUAL |
R-PDSO-G6 |
Not Qualified |
LOW NOISE |
e0 |
|||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
NO |
550 MHz |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
15 dB |
THROUGH-HOLE |
ROUND |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
CYLINDRICAL |
40 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
BOTTOM |
O-PBCY-T3 |
Not Qualified |
TO-92 |
||||||||||||||||||
Toshiba |
NPN |
SINGLE |
NO |
550 MHz |
.1 W |
.02 A |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
AMPLIFIER |
15 dB |
THROUGH-HOLE |
ROUND |
1 |
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND |
3 |
CYLINDRICAL |
Other Transistors |
70 |
125 Cel |
SILICON |
30 V |
TIN LEAD |
BOTTOM |
O-PBCY-T3 |
Not Qualified |
TO-92 |
e0 |
RF Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) are electronic devices used in low-power RF (radio frequency) applications to amplify and control small signals. They are commonly used in applications such as wireless communication, GPS, and radio broadcasting.
RF Small Signal BJTs are designed to handle low-power levels and operate at high frequencies, typically in the range of a few MHz to several GHz. They have a high gain and low noise figure, making them suitable for small signal amplification.
The RF Small Signal BJT consists of an emitter, base, and collector region, and works by controlling the flow of majority charge carriers (electrons or holes) between the emitter and collector through the base region. When a voltage is applied to the base-emitter junction, a small current flows through the base, allowing a larger current to flow from the emitter to the collector.
RF Small Signal BJTs are available in various types and configurations, including NPN and PNP bipolar transistors, and can handle power levels ranging from a few milliwatts to a few watts. They are subject to various standards and regulations, such as JEDEC (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council) and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), to ensure their safety and performance.