BOTTOM Triode For Alternating Current (TRIAC) 542

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Trigger Device Type Package Style (Meter) Surface Mount Terminal Position Configuration Case Connection Maximum On-state Voltage Package Body Material Maximum DC Gate Trigger Current Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current Terminal Form Package Shape Maximum On-state Current No. of Elements Maximum Leakage Current Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage Maximum Repetitive Peak Off-state Leakage Current No. of Terminals Sub-Category Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Maximum RMS On-state Current JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum DC Gate Trigger Voltage Qualification Repetitive Peak Off-state Voltage Minimum Critical Rate of Rise of Commutation Voltage Minimum Critical Rate of Rise of Off-state Voltage Maximum Holding Current Additional Features JEDEC-95 Code JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Reference Standard

MAC97A8RL1

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

7 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2.5 V

Not Qualified

600 V

5 V/us

25 V/us

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

MAC97A8

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

25 V/us

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

MAC997B6

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

20 V/us

10 mA

TO-92

e1

MAC97-8

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

25 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e0

MAC97A6RLRFG

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

260

Z0107MAG

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

WIRE

ROUND

1

.5 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

1 A

O-PBCY-W3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

20 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e1

260

MAC997B8RLRP

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

20 V/us

10 mA

TO-92

e0

235

MAC97A6RLRF

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

MAC97A8RLRM

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

Z0103MARLRPG

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3 mA

WIRE

ROUND

1

.5 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

1 A

O-PBCY-W3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

10 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e1

260

MAC997B6RLRPG

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

20 V/us

10 mA

TO-92

e1

260

MAC97A8RLRMG

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

260

Z0107MARLRFG

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

WIRE

ROUND

1

.5 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

1 A

O-PBCY-W3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

20 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e1

260

MAC97A8RLRP

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

MAC97A4G

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

200 V

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

260

MAC97A6

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

25 V/us

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

MAC97A6RLRPG

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

260

Z0103MARL1G

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3 mA

WIRE

ROUND

1

.5 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

1 A

O-PBCY-W3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

10 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e1

260

MAC97A4

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.6 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

200 V

25 V/us

10 mA

HIGH RELIABILITY

TO-92

e1

MAC997B8G

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

20 V/us

10 mA

TO-92

e1

260

MAC997A6RL1

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

20 V/us

10 mA

EUROPEAN PART NUMBER

TO-92

e0

235

MAC997B6RLRP

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

20 V/us

10 mA

TO-92

e0

235

MAC997A8RLRP

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

20 V/us

10 mA

TO-92

e1

MAC997B8RL1

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

20 V/us

10 mA

EUROPEAN PART NUMBER

TO-92

e0

235

MAC997A6RLRP

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

20 V/us

10 mA

TO-92

e0

235

MAC997B6RL1G

Onsemi

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

20 V/us

10 mA

EUROPEAN PART NUMBER

TO-92

e1

260

Z0110SA1AA2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

700 V

5 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110MA2AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

5 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110DA1AA2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

3

125 Cel

-40 Cel

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

Not Qualified

400 V

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

T08-4A

STMicroelectronics

TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

10 uA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

1.5 V

Not Qualified

400 V

.75 V/us

70 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110MA1AA2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

5 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

T08-6A

STMicroelectronics

TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

10 uA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

1.5 V

Not Qualified

600 V

.75 V/us

70 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110NA2AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

800 V

5 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110MA

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.2 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

600 V

4 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110SA

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.01 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

O-PBCY-T3

1.5 V

Not Qualified

700 V

5 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110NA

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.2 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

800 V

4 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

T08-2A

STMicroelectronics

TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

10 uA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

1.5 V

Not Qualified

200 V

.75 V/us

70 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110SA2AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

700 V

5 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110SA5AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

.5 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

700 V

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110DA

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.2 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

2 V

Not Qualified

400 V

4 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110NA5AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

.5 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

800 V

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110NA1AA2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

800 V

5 V/us

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0110MA5AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

.5 mA

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

100 V/us

25 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0109SA1AA2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

700 V

2 V/us

50 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z00607MA5BL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

7 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

ROUND

1

.1 mA

3

TRIACs

110 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN

.8 A

O-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

1.5 V/us

10 V/us

5 mA

TO-92

e3

Z0109MA2AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

600 V

2 V/us

50 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0107NA1AA2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

7 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

800 V

1 V/us

20 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Z0109NA2AL2

STMicroelectronics

4 QUADRANT LOGIC LEVEL TRIAC

CYLINDRICAL

NO

BOTTOM

SINGLE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

10 mA

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

1

3

TRIACs

125 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1 A

R-PBCY-T3

1.3 V

Not Qualified

800 V

2 V/us

50 V/us

10 mA

SENSITIVE GATE

TO-92

e3

Triode For Alternating Current (TRIAC)

A Triode for Alternating Current (TRIAC) is a semiconductor device that is used to control the flow of electrical current in AC circuits. It is a bidirectional device that can conduct current in both directions, making it useful for AC power control applications.

TRIACs consist of a bidirectional switching element that allows for the control of AC current in both directions. They are typically used in applications where AC voltage needs to be controlled, such as in lighting control, motor speed control, and power supplies.

TRIACs work by applying a small current or voltage to the gate terminal, which allows current to flow through the device. Once the current reaches a certain level, the TRIAC turns on and conducts current in both directions until the current drops below a certain threshold, at which point the TRIAC turns off.

TRIACs are commonly used in conjunction with other components such as capacitors, inductors, and diodes to form complete electronic circuits. They are often used in power control circuits that require precise control of AC voltage or current.