MILITARY Logic Gates 2,400+

Reset All

Part	Manufacturer	Logic IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Schmitt Trigger	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	Technology	Screening Level	No. of Inputs	Packing Method	Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V)	Power Supplies (V)	Load Capacitance (CL)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Propagation Delay (tpd)	Maximum I (ol)	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Output Characteristics	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC)	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Family
54F08LM	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY			QCCN					4	TTL		2		5					7.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel					5.5 V	1.905 mm	8.89 mm		4.5 V						8.89 mm	F/FAST
54ACT11802JT	Texas Instruments	OR/NOR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	24	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	3	CMOS		4		5	5		IN-LINE	DIP24,.3	10.2 ns	24 Amp	Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T24		5.5 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	32.005 mm	ACT
54F08FMQB	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY			DFP					4	TTL		2		5					7.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel					5.5 V	2.032 mm	6.28 mm		4.5 V						9.779 mm	F/FAST
M38510/65104BCX	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	2	CMOS		4		5		50 pF	IN-LINE		165 ns	4 Amp		2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		6 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Qualified	2 V	.01 mA			NOT APPLICABLE	NOT APPLICABLE	19.56 mm	HC/UH
V62/06621-01XE	Texas Instruments	BUFFER	MILITARY	GULL WING	5	LSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	YES	1	CMOS		1	TR	3.3	3.3	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSOP5/6,.11,37	11 ns	32 Amp	Gates	.95 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	5.5 V	1.45 mm	1.6 mm	Not Qualified	1.65 V	.01 mA		e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	2.9 mm	LVC/LCX/Z
M38510/31303B2X	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED	YES	YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	CHIP CARRIER		52 ns	4 Amp			125 Cel		-55 Cel		QUAD	S-CQCC-N20		5.5 V			Qualified	4.5 V	14 mA						LS
SN15932N	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	2			4		5			IN-LINE		80 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-PDIP-T14			5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified							19.305 mm	15K
SNC54HC21FK	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC	NO	YES	2	CMOS	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	4		5	2/6		CHIP CARRIER	LCC20,.35SQ	165 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		QUAD	S-XQCC-N20		6 V			Not Qualified	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
8404101CA	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	4	CMOS	MIL-STD-883	2	TUBE	5	2/6	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	135 ns	4 Amp	Gate	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		6 V	5.08 mm	6.67 mm	Qualified	2 V	.04 mA		e0			19.56 mm	HC
M38510/37002BCA	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	3	TTL	MIL-M-38510 Class B	3	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	15 ns	.4 Amp	Gate	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	6.67 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	2.2 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	19.56 mm	ALS
SNG100U	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	YES		TTL							FLATPACK	FL14,.3			Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14					Not Qualified
54LS11FK	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		YES	3	TTL		3		5		15 pF	CHIP CARRIER		20 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		QUAD	S-CQCC-N20		5.5 V	2.03 mm	8.89 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	6.6 mA					8.89 mm	LS
M38510/65751BCA	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	NO	NO	6	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class B	1	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	23 ns	4 Amp	Gate	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-XDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	6.67 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	.02 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	19.56 mm	HCT
54LS14FMQB	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	YES	YES	6	TTL	38535Q/M;38534H;883B	1		5	5	50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	33 ns	4 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.032 mm	6.2865 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	21 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		LS
SNC54ALS00J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO	4	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	2		5	5		IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	16 ns		Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V
SNC54ALS05AFH	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC	NO	YES	6	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	1		5	5		CHIP CARRIER	LCC20,.35SQ	84 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		QUAD	S-XQCC-N20		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V
M38510/31302BCA	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	YES	NO	6	TTL	MIL-PRF-38535 Class B	1	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	52 ns	8 Amp	Gate	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	6.67 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	21 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	19.56 mm	LS
54ACT11810FK	Texas Instruments	XNOR GATE	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED	NO	YES	4	CMOS		2		5	5	50 pF	CHIP CARRIER	LCC20,.35SQ	8.6 ns	24 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		QUAD	S-CQCC-N20		5.5 V	2.03 mm	8.89 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	8.89 mm	ACT
SN151907J	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO		DTL							IN-LINE	DIP14,.3			Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14					Not Qualified
M38510/65701SDA	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED		YES	6	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class S	1		5			FLATPACK		22 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14		6 V			Not Qualified	2 V							HC/UH
SNC54L04T	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	METAL	NO	YES	6	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	1		5	5		FLATPACK	FL14,.3	10 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-MDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V
M38510/33301B2X	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED	NO	YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	CHIP CARRIER		7.5 ns	20 Amp			125 Cel		-55 Cel		QUAD	S-CQCC-N20		5.5 V			Qualified	4.5 V	13 mA						F/FAST
M38510/30302SDA	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	TTL	MIL-PRF-38535 Class S	3		5			FLATPACK		30 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V							LS
8404401CX	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		NO	2	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	4		4.5			IN-LINE		180 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		6 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Qualified	2 V				NOT APPLICABLE	NOT APPLICABLE	19.56 mm	HC/UH
MM54C10N	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY		NO	3	CMOS		3		5			IN-LINE		100 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-PDIP-T14		15 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm		3 V						19.18 mm	CMOS
SNC5410J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	3	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	3		5	5		IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	22 ns		Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	19.56 mm	TTL/H/L
M38510/00801BDA	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	6	TTL	38535Q/M;38534H;883B	1	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	23 ns	40 Amp	Gate	1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	5.97 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	51 mA		e0			9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
M38510/65103BDA	Texas Instruments	XNOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED		YES	4	CMOS	MIL-M-38510 Class B	2		4.5			FLATPACK		29 ns				125 Cel	OPEN-DRAIN	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14		6 V			Not Qualified	2 V							HC/UH
SNC54AS04J	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO	6	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	1		5	5		IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	6 ns		Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V
SNG310J	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO		TTL							IN-LINE	DIP14,.3			Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14					Not Qualified
TF4072BJ	Texas Instruments	OR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO		CMOS					5/15		IN-LINE	DIP14,.3			Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14					Not Qualified					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
54LS22J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		NO	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	IN-LINE		28 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	2.2 mA					19.56 mm	LS
M38510/33004B2A	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED	NO	YES	2	TTL	MIL-PRF-38535 Class B	4	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	CHIP CARRIER	LCC20,.35SQ	7 ns	1 Amp	Gate	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD	S-CQCC-N20		5.5 V	2.03 mm	8.89 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	5.1 mA		e0			8.89 mm	F/FAST
MM54C08J	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		NO	4	CMOS		2		5			IN-LINE		140 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-CDIP-T14		15 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm		3 V		LG-MAX				19.939 mm	CMOS
M38510/32102B2X	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	NO LEAD	20	QCCN	SQUARE	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		YES	4	TTL		2		5			CHIP CARRIER		52 ns				125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		QUAD	S-CQCC-N20		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V							LS
CLVC2G17MDCKREPG4	Texas Instruments	BUFFER	MILITARY	GULL WING	6	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	YES	2	CMOS		1	TR	3.3	3.3	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP6,.08	13 ns	32 Amp	Gates	.65 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G6	1	5.5 V	1.1 mm	1.25 mm	Not Qualified	1.65 V	.01 mA		e4	30	260	2 mm	LVC/LCX/Z
54S20J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		NO	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	IN-LINE		5 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	18 mA					19.56 mm	S
SNC54ALS05AJ	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO	6	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	1		5	5		IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	84 ns		Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V
M38510/30009BCX	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	1	TTL		8		5		50 pF	IN-LINE		38 ns	4 Amp			125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V			Qualified	4.5 V	1.1 mA						LS
M38510/00403BCA	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	2	TTL	38535Q/M;38534H;883B	4	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	22 ns	.8 Amp	Gate	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	6.67 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	9.5 mA		e0			19.56 mm	TTL/H/L
SNC54LS132J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	YES	NO	4	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	2		5	5		IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	22 ns		Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	19.56 mm	LS
SNC54LS55W	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	YES	1	TTL	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	8		5	5		FLATPACK	FL14,.3	20 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V
M38510/30302BX	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	TTL		3		5			FLATPACK		30 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V							LS
SNC54HC20J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO	2	CMOS	MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)	4		5	2/6		IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	165 ns		Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14		6 V			Not Qualified	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
54H20J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		NO	2	TTL		4		5		25 pF	IN-LINE		10 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	20 mA					19.56 mm	TTL/H/L
SN151912J	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	NO		DTL							IN-LINE	DIP14,.3			Gates	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDIP-T14					Not Qualified
54S22J	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		NO	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	IN-LINE		7 ns			2.54 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		5.5 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	18 mA					19.56 mm	S
7704403CA	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	THROUGH-HOLE	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	NO	2	CMOS	MIL-STD-883	4	TUBE	5	3/18	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP14,.3	375 ns	1.5 Amp	Gate	2.54 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDIP-T14		18 V	5.08 mm	7.62 mm	Qualified	3 V	.03 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	19.56 mm	4000/14000/40000

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.