MILITARY Logic Gates 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount No. of Functions Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Translation Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Output Characteristics Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position Control Type Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

SNC54ALS05J

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

6

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

1

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

84 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

M38510/07006BCX

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

2

TTL

4

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

9 ns

20 Amp

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Qualified

4.5 V

9 mA

S

M38510/31303B2A

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

YES

4

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

2

5

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

52 ns

4 Amp

Gate

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

Qualified

4.5 V

14 mA

e0

LS

M38510/17101BCX

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

CMOS

2

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

350 ns

.001 Amp

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

15 V

Qualified

4.5 V

.00075 mA

4000/14000/40000

54H30J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

8

5

25 pF

IN-LINE

12 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

10 mA

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

54L30J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

8

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

100 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

.51 mA

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

SN15957U

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

YES

DTL

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDFP-F14

Not Qualified

SNC54ALS38J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

59 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CD54HC10F

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

NO

3

CMOS

3

TUBE

4.5

2/6

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

150 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

.04 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

HC/UH

M38510/00108BCA

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

6

TTL

MIL-M-38510 Class B

1

5

IN-LINE

35 ns

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

TTL/H/L

SNC54L01T

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

METAL

NO

YES

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

90 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-MDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

M38510/00101BCX

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

8

5

IN-LINE

15 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

M38510/65004B2X

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

1

CMOS

MIL-M-38510 Class B

8

4.5

CHIP CARRIER

41 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

HC/UH

SNC54HC14FH

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

YES

YES

6

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

1

5

2/6

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

190 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

SNC54S86W

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

YES

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

10.5 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CD54ACT05F3A

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

6

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

1

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

10.8 ns

24 Amp

Gate

2.54 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-DRAIN

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

.04 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.43 mm

ACT

SN151903J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

DTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

CD54HC21F3A

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

2

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

4

TUBE

4.5

2/6

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

165 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

.04 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

HC/UH

SNC5412W

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

YES

3

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

3

5

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

45 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

SNC54S30J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

1

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

7 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

S

V62/07631-01XE

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

GULL WING

8

VSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

2

CMOS

2

TR

1.8

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP8,.12,20

5.7 ns

32 Amp

Gates

.5 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1

5.5 V

.9 mm

2 mm

Not Qualified

1.65 V

.01 mA

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

260

2.3 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

54ACT11032J

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

CMOS

2

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

8.4 ns

24 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T16

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CENTER PIN VCC AND GND

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

ACT

M38510/30502BCA

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

TTL

MIL-M-38510 Class B

2

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

30 ns

.8 Amp

Gate

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

10 mA

LG-MAX

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.94 mm

LS

SNC54ALS1002FH

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

10 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

M38510/30203BDX

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

125 pF

FLATPACK

56 ns

12 Amp

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

Qualified

4.5 V

12 mA

LS

54ACT11010FK

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

YES

3

CMOS

3

5

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

8.7 ns

24 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CENTER PIN VCC AND GND

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.89 mm

ACT

M38510/05302BEA

Texas Instruments

AND-OR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

4

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

2

5

IN-LINE

525 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T16

12.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

4000/14000/40000

V62/07619-01XE

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

1

TR

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

14 ns

8 Amp

.65 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

.02 mA

e4

30

260

5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

8414201BX

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883

2

5

FLATPACK

69 ns

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

Qualified

4.5 V

ALS

54F20DM

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

14

DIP

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

2

TTL

4

5

IN-LINE

7 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

4.5 V

LG-MAX

19.939 mm

F/FAST

SNC54ALS33J

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

59 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

M38510/37005B2A

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

YES

1

TTL

MIL-M-38510 Class B

13

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

28 ns

4 Amp

Gate

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

.8 mA

e0

ALS

8403101CX

Texas Instruments

BUFFER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

NO

NO

6

TTL

MIL-STD-883

1

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

13 ns

240 Amp

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

14 mA

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

19.56 mm

ALS

TF4030AJ

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

CMOS

5

3/15

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

15 V

Not Qualified

3 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

M38510/33002BCA

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

6

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

1

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

7 ns

20 Amp

Gate

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

6.67 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

15.3 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

F/FAST

M38510/65101SCA

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

NO

4

CMOS

MIL-M-38510 Class S

2

4.5

IN-LINE

21 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

HC/UH

SNC54H40J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

2

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

4

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

12 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

SNC54ALS09J

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

69 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

CD54HC4075F3A

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

NO

3

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

3

TUBE

4.5

2/6

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

150 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

.04 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

HC/UH

SNG321J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

M38510/38407SCA

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

2

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

4

5

IN-LINE

10 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

ALS

M38510/65204B2A

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

UNSPECIFIED

YES

3

CMOS

MIL-M-38510 Class B

3

4.5

CHIP CARRIER

29 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

HC/UH

SNC54ALS1008AJ

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

11 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

M38510/30002SCA

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

4

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

2

5

IN-LINE

55 ns

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

8512602DX

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

4

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535

2

5

FLATPACK

34 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

SN15949J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

DTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SNC54AS802J

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

M38510/37005B2X

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

1

TTL

13

5

CHIP CARRIER

28 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

ALS

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.