24 Other Function Memory ICs 267

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Memory IC Type Temperature Grade No. of Terminals Package Code Refresh Cycles Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Access Mode Surface Mount No. of Functions Technology Screening Level Terminal Form Parallel or Serial Operating Mode Sector Size (Words) Maximum Supply Current No. of Words Sequential Burst Length Self Refresh Input/Output Type Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Mixed Memory Type Toggle Bit Power Supplies (V) Memory Width Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Minimum Data Retention Time Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Reverse Pinout Output Characteristics Organization No. of Words Code Minimum Standby Voltage Minimum Operating Temperature No. of Sectors/Size Command User Interface Terminal Finish I2C Control Byte Terminal Position No. of Ports Write Protection JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Endurance Maximum Clock Frequency (fCLK) Width Qualification Serial Bus Type Boot Block Memory Density Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Additional Features Page Size (words) JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Type Maximum Standby Current Interleaved Burst Length Length Common Flash Interface Maximum Access Time Programming Voltage (V) Data Polling

UPD42102G-2

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

70 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.07 Amp

21 ns

UPD42102C-5

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

80 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.08 Amp

18 ns

CD40208BEX98

Renesas Electronics

INDUSTRIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

IN-LINE

DIP24,.6

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

e0

UPD42101C-1

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

35 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.035 Amp

49 ns

UPD41264V-15

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

MOS

THROUGH-HOLE

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

ZIP24,.1

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

150 ns

UPD42102G-5

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

80 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.08 Amp

18 ns

UPD41264C-12

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

MOS

THROUGH-HOLE

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

120 ns

UPD41101G-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

90 mA

+-5,12

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

27 ns

M66305AFP

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

GULL WING

SYNCHRONOUS

5120 words

5

1

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

70 Cel

5KX1

5K

-10 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

5.5 V

2.4 mm

8.4 mm

Not Qualified

5120 bit

4.5 V

15 mm

HN482732AG-30

Renesas Electronics

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

PARALLEL

ASYNCHRONOUS

4096 words

5

8

IN-LINE

70 Cel

4KX8

4K

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

5.5 V

32768 bit

4.5 V

e0

300 ns

5962-01-323-4006

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

MOS

THROUGH-HOLE

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

120 ns

UPD41102G-2

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

90 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

21 ns

UPD41102G-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

90 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

21 ns

IM6653MJG/HR

Renesas Electronics

OTP ROM

MILITARY

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

THROUGH-HOLE

6 mA

1024 words

COMMON

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.6

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

125 Cel

3-STATE

1KX4

1K

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

Not Qualified

4096 bit

e0

.00004 Amp

600 ns

UPD41101G-2

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

90 mA

+-5,12

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

27 ns

UPD41102C-1S

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

90 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

27 ns

UPD42505C-75H

Renesas Electronics

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

60 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.06 Amp

55 ns

UPD41101C-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

90 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

27 ns

UPD41101G-1

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

+-5,12

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

UPD42102G-1

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

40 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.04 Amp

40 ns

UPD42102C-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

80 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.08 Amp

21 ns

UPD42101G-2

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

60 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.06 Amp

27 ns

UPD42101G-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

70 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.07 Amp

27 ns

UPD41102C-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

90 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

21 ns

UPD485505GU-25

Renesas Electronics

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

80 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.08 Amp

18 ns

UPD42102G-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

80 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.08 Amp

21 ns

UPD485505G-27

Renesas Electronics

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

80 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.08 Amp

18 ns

UPD42101G-1

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

35 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.035 Amp

49 ns

UPD42101C-2

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

60 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.06 Amp

27 ns

UPD42102C-1

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

40 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.04 Amp

40 ns

UPD41101C-2

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

90 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

27 ns

UPD42101C-3

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

70 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.07 Amp

27 ns

UPD41102C-1

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

90 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

40 ns

UPD42102C-2

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

70 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.07 Amp

21 ns

UPD41102G-1S

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

90 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

27 ns

UPD41264C-15

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

MOS

THROUGH-HOLE

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

150 ns

UPD42264LA-10

Renesas Electronics

VIDEO DRAM

COMMERCIAL

24

SOJ

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

J BEND

125 mA

65536 words

5

5

4

SMALL OUTLINE

SOJ24,.34

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-J24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

.005 Amp

100 ns

UPD42505C-75

Renesas Electronics

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

60 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.06 Amp

55 ns

CD40108BE98

Renesas Electronics

INDUSTRIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

5/15

IN-LINE

DIP24,.6

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

UPD42264V-10

Renesas Electronics

VIDEO DRAM

COMMERCIAL

24

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

125 mA

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

ZIP24,.1

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

.005 Amp

100 ns

UPD485505GU-35

Renesas Electronics

COMMERCIAL

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

CMOS

GULL WING

80 mA

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.5

Other Memory ICs

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

Not Qualified

e0

.08 Amp

25 ns

UPD42264C-10

Renesas Electronics

VIDEO DRAM

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

125 mA

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

.005 Amp

100 ns

IM6653AMJG/HR

Renesas Electronics

OTP ROM

MILITARY

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

THROUGH-HOLE

12 mA

1024 words

COMMON

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.6

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

125 Cel

3-STATE

1KX4

1K

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

Not Qualified

4096 bit

e0

.00004 Amp

350 ns

CD40108BEX98

Renesas Electronics

MILITARY

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

5/15

IN-LINE

DIP24,.6

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

e0

UPD42505C-50

Renesas Electronics

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

60 mA

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.06 Amp

40 ns

UPD41101C-1

Renesas Electronics

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

90 mA

+-5,12

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

e0

.09 Amp

49 ns

MT42C4065C-10

Micron Technology

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

60 mA

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

.002 Amp

100 ns

MT42C4064C-10

Micron Technology

MEMORY CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

CMOS

THROUGH-HOLE

60 mA

65536 words

5

5

4

IN-LINE

DIP24,.4

Other Memory ICs

2.54 mm

70 Cel

64KX4

64K

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

Not Qualified

262144 bit

e0

.004 Amp

100 ns

Other Function Memory ICs

Other function memory ICs are a group of integrated circuits that perform specialized functions in addition to storing data. These ICs are used in a wide range of digital devices, including computers, smartphones, and electronic devices.

One example of an other function memory IC is cache memory. Cache memory is a type of memory that stores frequently accessed data and instructions. Cache memory is used to improve the performance of the system by reducing the time it takes to access data from the main memory.

Another example of an other function memory IC is dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). DRAM is a type of memory that stores data as a charge in a capacitor. DRAM is commonly used as the main memory in computers and other digital devices.

Static random-access memory (SRAM) is another type of other function memory IC. SRAM is a type of memory that stores data as a flip-flop, which retains the data as long as power is supplied to the system. SRAM is commonly used as cache memory and in other applications where high-speed access to data is required.

Memory controller ICs are another type of other function memory IC. Memory controller ICs are used to manage the flow of data between the CPU and the memory subsystem. These ICs are commonly used in computer systems and other digital devices to ensure that data is transferred efficiently and reliably.