OTHER Other Function Memory ICs 2,400+

Reset All

Part	Manufacturer	Memory IC Type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Operating Mode	Maximum Supply Current	No. of Words	Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V)	Mixed Memory Type	Power Supplies (V)	Memory Width	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Organization	No. of Words Code	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Memory Density	Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Maximum Standby Current	Length	Maximum Access Time
NAND512R4M4CZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND256R3M4AZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND256W4M0BZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
NAND256W4M2BZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	137	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA137,10X15,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B137				Not Qualified
NAND512W4M4BZC5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND512R4M5CZC5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
M36W108AT100ZN5T	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	48	VLGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BUTT	ASYNCHRONOUS	40 mA	1048576 words		FLASH+SRAM	3/3.3	8	GRID ARRAY, VERY THIN PROFILE	LGA48,6X8,40	Other Memory ICs	1 mm	85 Cel	1MX8	1M	-20 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B48	3.6 V	1 mm	9.8 mm	Not Qualified	8388608 bit	2.7 V	ALSO CONTAINS 128K X 8 SRAM	e0				11.8 mm	100 ns
NAND01GW3M3BZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
M36L0T7050B0ZAQF	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	88	TFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	ASYNCHRONOUS	30 mA	8388608 words		FLASH+PSRAM	1.8,3	16	GRID ARRAY, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA88,8X12,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel	8MX16	8M	-25 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B88	1.95 V	1.2 mm	8 mm	Not Qualified	134217728 bit	1.7 V	PSRAM IS ORGANIZED AS 2M X 16	e1			.000005 Amp	10 mm	90 ns
NAND256W3M5BZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND256R4M2AZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	137	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA137,10X15,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B137				Not Qualified
NAND512R4M3CZBF	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	TFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	ASYNCHRONOUS		67108864 words	1.8			8	GRID ARRAY, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.8 mm	85 Cel	64MX8	64M	-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149	1.95 V	1.2 mm	10 mm	Not Qualified	536870912 bit	1.7 V			40	260		13.5 mm
NAND256W3M0CZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
NAND512R3M5BZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND01GW4M4AZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND256R4M0AZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
NAND512W3M5CZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND512W4M0AZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
NAND01GR4M4BZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND512W4M0AZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
NAND512R4M3BZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
M36L0T7050T0ZAQF	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	88	TFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	ASYNCHRONOUS	30 mA	8388608 words		FLASH+PSRAM	1.8,3	16	GRID ARRAY, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA88,8X12,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel	8MX16	8M	-25 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B88	1.95 V	1.2 mm	8 mm	Not Qualified	134217728 bit	1.7 V	PSRAM IS ORGANIZED AS 2M X 16	e1			.000005 Amp	10 mm	90 ns
M36L0R7040B0ZAQT	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	88	TFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	ASYNCHRONOUS	47 mA	8388608 words	1.8	FLASH+PSRAM	1.8	16	GRID ARRAY, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA88,8X12,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel	8MX16	8M	-25 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B88	1.95 V	1.2 mm	8 mm	Not Qualified	134217728 bit	1.7 V	PSRAM IS ORGANIZED AS 1M X 16	e0			.00007 Amp	10 mm
LRI64-MBTG/3GE	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	8	VSON	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	NO LEAD	ASYNCHRONOUS		64 words				1	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	64X1	64	-20 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-N8	3 V	.6 mm	2 mm	Not Qualified	64 bit	1.5 V			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		3 mm
LRI64-SBN18/1XX	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER		DIE	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1	CMOS	NO LEAD	ASYNCHRONOUS		64 words				1	UNCASED CHIP				85 Cel	64X1	64	-20 Cel		UPPER	X-XUUC-N	3 V				64 bit	1.5 V
NAND256W4M5BZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
M36W108T120ZM5	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	48	LBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	ASYNCHRONOUS	100 mA	1048576 words		FLASH+SRAM	3/3.3	8	GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE	BGA48,6X8,40	Other Memory ICs	1 mm	85 Cel	1MX8	1M	-20 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B48	3.6 V	1.35 mm	9.8 mm	Not Qualified	8388608 bit	2.7 V	ALSO CONTAINS 128K X 8 SRAM	e0			.00002 Amp	11.8 mm	120 ns
NAND256W4M3CZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND01GW3M3BZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND512R3M4AZC5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND512R4M2AZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	137	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA137,10X15,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B137				Not Qualified
NAND01GR3M5BZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
LRI64-MBTG/1XX	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	8	VSON	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	NO LEAD	ASYNCHRONOUS		64 words				1	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	64X1	64	-20 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-N8	3 V	.6 mm	2 mm	Not Qualified	64 bit	1.5 V			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		3 mm
NAND256R4M4BZC5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND01GW4M0BZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
NAND256R4M0CZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
NAND256R3M4BZB5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND01GR4M0BZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
M36W108B100ZM5T	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	48	LBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	ASYNCHRONOUS		1048576 words				8	GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE			1 mm	85 Cel	1MX8	1M	-20 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B48	3.6 V	1.35 mm	9.8 mm	Not Qualified	8388608 bit	2.7 V	ALSO CONTAINS 128K X 8 SRAM					11.8 mm
M36W0T7040B0ZAQ	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	88	TFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	ASYNCHRONOUS		8388608 words		FLASH+PSRAM	1.8,3	16	GRID ARRAY, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA88,8X12,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel	8MX16	8M	-30 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B88	2 V	1.2 mm	8 mm	Not Qualified	134217728 bit	1.7 V	PSRAM IS ORGANIZED AS 1M X 16	e0				10 mm	70 ns
NAND256R4M5BZC5E	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND512W3M0BZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA107,10X14,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107				Not Qualified
M36P0R8070E0ZACF	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	107	TFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	CMOS	BALL	SYNCHRONOUS		16777216 words	1.8	FLASH+PSRAM	1.8	16	GRID ARRAY, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA107,9X12,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel	16MX16	16M	-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B107	1.95 V	1.2 mm	8 mm	Not Qualified	268435456 bit	1.7 V	PSRAM IS ORGANISED AS 8M X 16					11 mm	70 ns
NAND256R3M5BZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND01GW3M5AZB5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				3	FLASH+SDRAM	3		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
SRIX4K-W4/1GE	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER		DIE	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1	CMOS	NO LEAD	ASYNCHRONOUS		128 words	3			32	UNCASED CHIP				85 Cel	128X32	128	-25 Cel		UPPER	X-XUUC-N	3.5 V			Not Qualified	4096 bit	2.5 V
NAND512R3M4BZC5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified
NAND01GR3M3AZC5F	STMicroelectronics	MEMORY CIRCUIT	OTHER	149	FBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BALL				1.8	FLASH+SDRAM	1.8		GRID ARRAY, FINE PITCH	BGA149,12X16,32	Other Memory ICs	.8 mm	85 Cel			-30 Cel		BOTTOM	R-PBGA-B149				Not Qualified

Other Function Memory ICs

Other function memory ICs are a group of integrated circuits that perform specialized functions in addition to storing data. These ICs are used in a wide range of digital devices, including computers, smartphones, and electronic devices.

One example of an other function memory IC is cache memory. Cache memory is a type of memory that stores frequently accessed data and instructions. Cache memory is used to improve the performance of the system by reducing the time it takes to access data from the main memory.

Another example of an other function memory IC is dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). DRAM is a type of memory that stores data as a charge in a capacitor. DRAM is commonly used as the main memory in computers and other digital devices.

Static random-access memory (SRAM) is another type of other function memory IC. SRAM is a type of memory that stores data as a flip-flop, which retains the data as long as power is supplied to the system. SRAM is commonly used as cache memory and in other applications where high-speed access to data is required.

Memory controller ICs are another type of other function memory IC. Memory controller ICs are used to manage the flow of data between the CPU and the memory subsystem. These ICs are commonly used in computer systems and other digital devices to ensure that data is transferred efficiently and reliably.