COMMERCIAL Latches & Flip-Flops 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount No. of Functions Maximum Frequency At Nominal Supply Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Count Direction Output Characteristics Trigger Type Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position No. of Ports Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

SN74S74JP4

Texas Instruments

JBAR-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74LS375J-00

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

2

TTL

2

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

25 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

HIGH LEVEL

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T16

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

12 mA

19.56 mm

LS

SN74H71NP1

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

MASTER-SLAVE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN7472J

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

2

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

40 ns

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

15 MHz

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

20 mA

WITH MASTER SLAVE OPERATION; 3 J & 3 K INPUTS ANDED

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74S268N3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

6

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74LS113ADR

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

2

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

20 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

45 MHz

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

6 mA

8.65 mm

LS

SN74AS821NT1

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

10

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74LS73AJ-00

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

2

TTL

2

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

20 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

30 MHz

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

6 mA

MASTER SLAVE OPERATION

19.56 mm

LS

SN74279J4

Texas Instruments

R-S LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

4

TTL

1

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T16

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN7475N1

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

4

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

Not Qualified

SN74ALS533FN

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

8

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

Not Qualified

SN74LS364J

Texas Instruments

JBAR-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74LS78JP4

Texas Instruments

JBAR-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74ALS580ANP3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

SN74ALS879ADWP3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.4

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

SN74ALS533DW3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

8

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP20,.4

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

SN7474JP4

Texas Instruments

JBAR-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74ALS580J4

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T20

SN74ALS109N-10

Texas Instruments

J-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

2

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

18 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

34 MHz

R-PDIP-T16

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.5 V

4 mA

19.305 mm

ALS

SN74S112ANSRG4

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

80000000 Hz

TTL

2

TR

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.3

7 ns

20 Amp

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

125 MHz

R-PDSO-G16

5.25 V

2 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

25 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

10.2 mm

S

SN74S113DR

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

2

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

7 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

80 MHz

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

25 mA

8.65 mm

S

SN74S113NP1

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN74H106N3

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74AS846NTP3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

SN74ALS878JT

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

Not Qualified

SN74LS114AJP4

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

SN74LS279J-00

Texas Instruments

R-S LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

4

TTL

2

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

27 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

LOW LEVEL

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T16

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

7 mA

WITH DUAL S INPUT FOR TWO FUNCTIONS

19.56 mm

LS

SN74AS825JTP4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74H103JP4

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

SN74LS399NE4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

2

4

TUBE

5

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

32 ns

8 Amp

Multiplexer/Demultiplexers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

13 mA

FOUR 2:1 MUX FOLLOWED BY REGISTER

e4

19.305 mm

LS

SN74LS379DR

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

4

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

27 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

30 MHz

R-PDSO-G16

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

15 mA

WITH HOLD MODE

9.9 mm

LS

SN74LS378JP4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

6

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T16

SN74AS822DW3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

10

TTL

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.4

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

SN74AS826JTP4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

SN74LS375N1

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

4

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

Not Qualified

SN74LS377DWE4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

30000000 Hz

TTL

8

TUBE

5

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP20,.4

27 ns

8 Amp

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

30 MHz

R-PDSO-G20

1

5.25 V

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

28 mA

WITH HOLD MODE

e4

30

260

12.8 mm

LS

SN74ALS576NP1

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

SN74AS74J

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN74F174D

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

80000000 Hz

TTL

6

5

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

11 ns

20 Amp

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

80 MHz

R-PDSO-G16

5.5 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.5 V

45 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

9.9 mm

F/FAST

SN74S113N

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

2

5

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

7 ns

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

80 MHz

R-PDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

25 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.305 mm

S

SN74ALS845NT1

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

24 Amp

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74ALS563NP1

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74AS74J4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

SN74ALS175NSRE4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

50000000 Hz

TTL

4

TR

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.3

17 ns

8 Amp

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

50 MHz

R-PDSO-G16

1

5.5 V

2 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.5 V

14 mA

e4

30

260

10.2 mm

ALS

SN74ALS990FN

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

8

5

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

26 ns

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

HIGH LEVEL

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

5.5 V

4.57 mm

8.9662 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.5 V

70 mA

WITH READ-BACK

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.9662 mm

ALS

SN74AS1821NT

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

DIP

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

10

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP(UNSPEC)

FF/Latches

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

Not Qualified

SN74ALS374FN3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

8

TTL

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

SN74LS259BN3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

1

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

30 ns

8 Amp

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

LOW LEVEL

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

36 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.305 mm

LS

Latches & Flip-Flops

Latches and flip-flops are two types of electronic circuits used in digital systems to store and manipulate digital data. They are both sequential logic circuits, meaning that they can store information and use that information to make decisions based on the previous state.

A latch is a type of digital circuit that can hold or "latch" a signal in its current state. It is a simple memory element that can store a single bit of information. A latch can be transparent or opaque, depending on its behavior when the clock signal is active. A transparent latch passes the input signal through to the output when the clock signal is active, while an opaque latch holds the input signal at the output when the clock signal is active.

Flip-flops are similar to latches but are more sophisticated and have additional control inputs. A flip-flop is a digital circuit that can store one bit of information and change its state based on the clock signal and input signals. Flip-flops can be edge-triggered or level-triggered, depending on how they respond to the clock signal. Edge-triggered flip-flops change their state at the rising or falling edge of the clock signal, while level-triggered flip-flops change their state continuously as long as the clock signal is active.

Flip-flops are classified into various types based on their behavior and the number of inputs. Some of the commonly used flip-flops include D flip-flops, JK flip-flops, T flip-flops, and SR flip-flops. D flip-flops have a single data input and a clock input and can store one bit of information. JK flip-flops have two inputs, J and K, and can store one bit of information. T flip-flops have a single input and can toggle between two states based on the clock signal. SR flip-flops have two inputs, S and R, and can store one bit of information.

Latches and flip-flops are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, memory systems, and control circuits. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.