COMMERCIAL Latches & Flip-Flops 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount No. of Functions Maximum Frequency At Nominal Supply Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Count Direction Output Characteristics Trigger Type Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position No. of Ports Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

SN74ALS113AD3

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

SN74ALS29842NT

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

10

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

48 Amp

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

85 mA

SN74ALS563ANP3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74L77T-07

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

2

TTL

2

5

15 pF

FLATPACK

30 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

HIGH LEVEL

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.25 V

3.683 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

27 mA

6.48 mm

TTL/H/L

5962-01-096-2175

Texas Instruments

JBAR-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74AS113N3

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74H103J

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

2

TTL

2

5

25 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

20 ns

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

40 MHz

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

38 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74AS825NT1

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74107NP1

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

MASTER-SLAVE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN74S74J-00

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

2

TTL

1

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

9 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

75 MHz

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

25 mA

19.56 mm

S

SN74276DWR

Texas Instruments

J-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

4

5

SMALL OUTLINE

30 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

35 MHz

R-PDSO-G20

5.25 V

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

SEPARATE CLOCK FOR EACH BIT

12.8 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74ALS994NTE4

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

10

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

27 ns

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

HIGH LEVEL

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.5 V

82 mA

WITH READ-BACK

e4

31.64 mm

ALS

SN74ALS844-1NTP3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

9

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

48 Amp

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

SN74L74NP1

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN74AS112N1

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74ALS74N3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

SN74107N-00

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

2

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

40 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

15 MHz

R-PDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

20 mA

19.305 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74LS373N1

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

SN74F377ANE4

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

110000000 Hz

TTL

8

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

10.5 ns

20 Amp

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

110 MHz

R-PDIP-T20

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.5 V

90 mA

WITH HOLD MODE

e4

24.325 mm

F/FAST

SN74AS112FN-00

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

2

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

5.5 V

4.57 mm

8.9662 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.5 V

8.9662 mm

AS

SN74LS114ADR

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

2

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

20 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

45 MHz

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

6 mA

WITH INDIVIDUAL SET INPUTS

8.65 mm

LS

SN74L77T-11

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

2

TTL

2

5

15 pF

FLATPACK

30 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

HIGH LEVEL

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.25 V

3.683 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

27 mA

6.48 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74173J4

Texas Instruments

JBAR-KBAR FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

4

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T16

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74109NP3

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

5962-01-348-0409

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

105000000 Hz

TTL

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

20 Amp

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

Not Qualified

16 mA

SN74F534DW3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

8

70000000 Hz

TTL

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP20,.4

24 Amp

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

86 mA

SN74AS574NP3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

8

90000000 Hz

TTL

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

48 Amp

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

SN74AS29823DWP3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

9

TTL

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.4

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74ALS109ADP3

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

SN74F273DW-00R

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

8

5

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

145 MHz

R-PDSO-G20

5.5 V

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.5 V

12.8 mm

F/FAST

SN74F113D-00

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE

7 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

125 MHz

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.5 V

8.65 mm

F/FAST

SN74ALS574N3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

SN74F112N-10

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

2

5

IN-LINE

7.5 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

130 MHz

R-PDIP-T16

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.5 V

19.305 mm

F/FAST

SN74SSTV16857DGVRG

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

48

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

14

2.5

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP48,.25,16

2.8 ns

Other Logic ICs

.4 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

200 MHz

R-PDSO-G48

1

2.7 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

e4

30

260

9.7 mm

SSTV

SN74ALS374N1

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

SN74S114D3

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

SN74LS112N

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

20 ns

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

30 MHz

R-PDIP-T16

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.305 mm

LS

SN74ALS577FN3

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

28

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

8

TTL

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC28,.5SQ

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J28

SN74S174DR

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

6

TR

5

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

17 ns

20 Amp

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

75 MHz

R-PDSO-G16

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

4.75 V

144 mA

9.9 mm

S

SN74LS375NP1

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

4

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

Not Qualified

SN74LS375NP3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

4

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

SN74ALS876JT

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

Not Qualified

SN74175DR

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

4

5

SMALL OUTLINE

35 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

25 MHz

R-PDSO-G16

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

9.9 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74ALS577JT

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

8

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T24

Not Qualified

SN74LS112AFN

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

2

5

5

15 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

20 ns

FF/Latches

1.27 mm

70 Cel

NEGATIVE EDGE

0 Cel

QUAD

30 MHz

S-PQCC-J20

5.25 V

4.57 mm

8.9662 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

4.75 V

6 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.9662 mm

LS

SN74259NP3

Texas Instruments

D LATCH

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

SN74LS109NP3

Texas Instruments

J-K FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

SN74AS574N1

Texas Instruments

D FLIP-FLOP

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

8

90000000 Hz

TTL

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

48 Amp

FF/Latches

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

POSITIVE EDGE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

Latches & Flip-Flops

Latches and flip-flops are two types of electronic circuits used in digital systems to store and manipulate digital data. They are both sequential logic circuits, meaning that they can store information and use that information to make decisions based on the previous state.

A latch is a type of digital circuit that can hold or "latch" a signal in its current state. It is a simple memory element that can store a single bit of information. A latch can be transparent or opaque, depending on its behavior when the clock signal is active. A transparent latch passes the input signal through to the output when the clock signal is active, while an opaque latch holds the input signal at the output when the clock signal is active.

Flip-flops are similar to latches but are more sophisticated and have additional control inputs. A flip-flop is a digital circuit that can store one bit of information and change its state based on the clock signal and input signals. Flip-flops can be edge-triggered or level-triggered, depending on how they respond to the clock signal. Edge-triggered flip-flops change their state at the rising or falling edge of the clock signal, while level-triggered flip-flops change their state continuously as long as the clock signal is active.

Flip-flops are classified into various types based on their behavior and the number of inputs. Some of the commonly used flip-flops include D flip-flops, JK flip-flops, T flip-flops, and SR flip-flops. D flip-flops have a single data input and a clock input and can store one bit of information. JK flip-flops have two inputs, J and K, and can store one bit of information. T flip-flops have a single input and can toggle between two states based on the clock signal. SR flip-flops have two inputs, S and R, and can store one bit of information.

Latches and flip-flops are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, memory systems, and control circuits. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.