Toshiba Latches & Flip-Flops 995

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Part	Manufacturer	Logic IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	Maximum Frequency At Nominal Supply	Technology	No. of Bits	Packing Method	Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V)	Power Supplies (V)	Load Capacitance (CL)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Propagation Delay (tpd)	Maximum I (ol)	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Output Characteristics	Trigger Type	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Minimum fmax	JESD-30 Code	Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Output Polarity	Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC)	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Family
TC74HC107F	Toshiba	J-K FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2	24000000 Hz	CMOS	2			2/6	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP14,.3	205 ns	4 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		NEGATIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	56 MHz	R-PDSO-G14	6 V	1.8 mm		Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V			e0				HC/UH
TC74HCT574AF(F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	8	25000000 Hz	CMOS			5	5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3		6 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G20				Not Qualified
TC74LVX74FT(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2	50000000 Hz	CMOS		TR	3.3	3.3	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP14,.25		4 Amp	FF/Latches	.635 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G14				Not Qualified
TC74LVQ74F(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		CMOS	1		3.3		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		16 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	65 MHz	R-PDSO-G14	3.6 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V			e0			10.3 mm	LVQ
TC74VCX162821FT(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	56	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	20	250000000 Hz	CMOS		TR	3.3	3.3	30 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP56,.3,20		12 Amp	FF/Latches	.5 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G56				Not Qualified
74LCX74FT	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		CMOS	1		3.3			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH		22 ns			.65 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	150 MHz	R-PDSO-G14	3.6 V	1.2 mm	4.4 mm		COMPLEMENTARY	1.65 V				30	260	5 mm	LVC/LCX/Z
TC7WG74FK(TE85L,F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	11000000 Hz	CMOS		TR		1.2/3.3	30 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP8,.12,20		3 Amp	FF/Latches	.5 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G8				Not Qualified
TC74ACT175F(TP1)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	4		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		12.5 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	80 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	5.5 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	4.5 V			e0			10.3 mm	ACT
TC74HCT273AF-EL	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	8		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		38 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	24 MHz	R-PDSO-G20	5.5 V	1.8 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	4.5 V			e0			12.8 mm	HCT
TC74VHC175FS(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	4	75000000 Hz	CMOS		TR		2/5.5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH	SSOP16,.25		8 Amp	FF/Latches	.635 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified
TC74VHCT74F(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		CMOS	1		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		10 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	80 MHz	R-PDSO-G14	5.5 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	4.5 V			e0			10.3 mm	AHCT/VHCT
TC74AC74FT(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2	60000000 Hz	CMOS		TR		3.3/5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP14,.25		12 Amp	FF/Latches	.635 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G14				Not Qualified
TC74HC273AFW-TP2	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	8		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		36 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	24 MHz	R-PDSO-G20	6 V	2.7 mm	7.5 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	240	12.8 mm	HC/UH
TC74LVQ74FN(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		CMOS	1		3.3		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		16 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	65 MHz	R-PDSO-G14	3.6 V	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	240	8.65 mm	LVQ
TC74AC273P(F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	THROUGH-HOLE	20	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	8	55000000 Hz	CMOS		TUBE		3.3/5	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP20,.3		12 Amp	FF/Latches	2.54 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDIP-T20				Not Qualified						30	260
TC74HCT374AF(F)	Toshiba
TC74VCX2373FK(EL)	Toshiba
TC74HC76F	Toshiba	J-K FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2	24000000 Hz	CMOS				2/6	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.3		4 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		NEGATIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL		R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified					e0
TC74VHC174F(F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	6	80000000 Hz	CMOS		TUBE		2/5.5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.3		8 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified
TC74LCX273F	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	8		3	3.3	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3	30 ns	24 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	150 MHz	R-PDSO-G20	3.6 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	1.65 V	100 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	12.8 mm	LVC/LCX/Z
TC74HC533P	Toshiba																											TIN LEAD												e0
TC74ACT74F(EL,F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2	95000000 Hz	CMOS		TR	5	5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP14,.3		24 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G14				Not Qualified
TC74LVX273FW(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	8		3.3		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		24 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	80 MHz	R-PDSO-G20	3.6 V	2.7 mm	7.5 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	12.8 mm	LV/LV-A/LVX/H
TC7WZ74FK	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	150000000 Hz	CMOS	1		1.8	3.3		SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP8,.12,20	23 ns	24 Amp	FF/Latches	.5 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	180 MHz	R-PDSO-G8	5.5 V	.8 mm	2 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	1.65 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	2.3 mm	LVC/LCX/Z
TC74VHC174F(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	6		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		10.5 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	80 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	5.5 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	2 V			e0			10.3 mm	AHC/VHC
TC74AC174F(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	6		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		11 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	90 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	5.5 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	2 V			e0			10.3 mm	AC
TC74HC374AF(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	8	25000000 Hz	CMOS		TR		2/6	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3		6 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G20				Not Qualified
TC74AC374F(F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	8	55000000 Hz	CMOS		TUBE		3.3/5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3		12 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G20				Not Qualified
TC74HC273AF-TP2EL	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	8		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		36 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	24 MHz	R-PDSO-G20	6 V	1.8 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	2 V						12.8 mm	HC/UH
TC74VHCT74AF(EL,F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2	65000000 Hz	CMOS		TR	5	5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP14,.3		8 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G14				Not Qualified
TC74HC173AF-TP1EL	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	4		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		29 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	34 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	6 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	2 V		WITH HOLD MODE; WITH DUAL OUTPUT ENABLE				10.3 mm	HC/UH
TC74VCX2574FT(EL)	Toshiba
TC74AC574F(EL,F)	Toshiba
TC74VHC175F(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	4		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		10.5 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	75 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	5.5 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	10.3 mm	AHC/VHC
TC74AC534F(F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	8	55000000 Hz	CMOS		TUBE		3.3/5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3		12 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G20				Not Qualified
TC74HC175AF-TP1	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	4		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		35 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	25 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	6 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V			e0			10.3 mm	HC/UH
TC74HC76AF-EL	Toshiba	J-K FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		CMOS	2		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		31 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		NEGATIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	25 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	6 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	10.3 mm	HC/UH
TC74HC175AP	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	THROUGH-HOLE	16	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1	25000000 Hz	CMOS	4	TUBE	4.5	2/6	50 pF	IN-LINE	DIP16,.3	175 ns	4 Amp	FF/Latches	2.54 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	29 MHz	R-PDIP-T16	6 V	4.45 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	19.25 mm	HC/UH
TC74HC77F	Toshiba	D LATCH	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	4			2/6	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP14,.3		4 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel			-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL		R-PDSO-G14				Not Qualified					e0
TC74HCT373AP(F)	Toshiba
TC74AC112F(F)	Toshiba	J-K FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2	45000000 Hz	CMOS		TUBE		3.3/5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.3		12 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		NEGATIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified
TC74VHC9273FK	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	8		3			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH		25.5 ns			.65 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL	50 MHz	R-PDSO-G20	5.5 V	1.2 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified	TRUE	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	6.9 mm	AHC/VHC/H/U/V
TC74AC174F(EL,F)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	6	60000000 Hz	CMOS		TR		3.3/5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.3		12 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified
TC74VHC174FK(EL)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	6	80000000 Hz	CMOS		TR		2/5.5	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP16,.16,20		8 Amp	FF/Latches	.5 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified
TC74LVQ74F(ELP)	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		CMOS	1		3.3		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		16 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	65 MHz	R-PDSO-G14	3.6 V	1.9 mm	5.3 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V			e0			10.3 mm	LVQ
TC74HC374F	Toshiba	D FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	8	24000000 Hz	CMOS				2/6	50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.3		6 Amp	FF/Latches	1.27 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL		R-PDSO-G20				Not Qualified					e0
TC74AC373F(F)	Toshiba
TC74HC109AFN-ELP	Toshiba	J-KBAR FLIP-FLOP	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		CMOS	2		5		50 pF	SMALL OUTLINE		38 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		POSITIVE EDGE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	25 MHz	R-PDSO-G16	6 V	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified	COMPLEMENTARY	2 V			e0			9.9 mm	HC/UH

Latches & Flip-Flops

Latches and flip-flops are two types of electronic circuits used in digital systems to store and manipulate digital data. They are both sequential logic circuits, meaning that they can store information and use that information to make decisions based on the previous state.

A latch is a type of digital circuit that can hold or "latch" a signal in its current state. It is a simple memory element that can store a single bit of information. A latch can be transparent or opaque, depending on its behavior when the clock signal is active. A transparent latch passes the input signal through to the output when the clock signal is active, while an opaque latch holds the input signal at the output when the clock signal is active.

Flip-flops are similar to latches but are more sophisticated and have additional control inputs. A flip-flop is a digital circuit that can store one bit of information and change its state based on the clock signal and input signals. Flip-flops can be edge-triggered or level-triggered, depending on how they respond to the clock signal. Edge-triggered flip-flops change their state at the rising or falling edge of the clock signal, while level-triggered flip-flops change their state continuously as long as the clock signal is active.

Flip-flops are classified into various types based on their behavior and the number of inputs. Some of the commonly used flip-flops include D flip-flops, JK flip-flops, T flip-flops, and SR flip-flops. D flip-flops have a single data input and a clock input and can store one bit of information. JK flip-flops have two inputs, J and K, and can store one bit of information. T flip-flops have a single input and can toggle between two states based on the clock signal. SR flip-flops have two inputs, S and R, and can store one bit of information.

Latches and flip-flops are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, memory systems, and control circuits. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.