3 Switching Regulators & Controllers 643

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Maximum Output Current	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Control Technique	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Control Mode	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Maximum Input Voltage
78SR110VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
78HT353HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	3 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				70 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		8.25 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT5031L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
78ST235VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	15 V
PT5044N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5041S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.38TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	11 V
78HT210VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			12 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT5022C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V		215	7 V
PT5025H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.3 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.4TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5021C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
78ST233HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	15 V
PT79SR115H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified		IT OPERATES FROM A -19V TO -30V	-19 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	-30 V
78HT233HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	15 V
PT5027LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
PT5025C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.3 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5023H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
78SR174VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
78ST151HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5110L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-X3	1	Not Qualified			13 V			38 V
PT5046M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.2 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9 V
PT79SR109V	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified			-13 V			-30 V
78HT265VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		8.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
78HT275HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			9.5 V			28 V
PT5024CT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5030A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5102M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	16 V		16 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
PT5546N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.3 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			4.5 V			9 V
78ST107VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5101B	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	FLAT		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				80 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSFM-F3	1	Not Qualified			9 V			38 V
78ST233VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	15 V
PT5022H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.4TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5031C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5049M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	950 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.75 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	IN-LINE	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSIP-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			14 V
78ST151SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5107J	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.4TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	19 V		19 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
78ST136SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V			30 V
PT5024H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
PT5112C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	12 V		12 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
PT5021H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
PT5544C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.75 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5025A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.3 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5548C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			4.5 V			9 V
PT5102A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	16 V		16 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
PT5112N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	12 V		12 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
78HT246HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		6.6 V			28 V
PT5041G	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1		UNSPECIFIED		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				70 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-X3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			11 V
78HT205TC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		UNSPECIFIED	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		UNSPECIFIED		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	X-XSMA-X3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT5047L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	950 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.9 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	DUAL	R-PDSO-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			14 V

Switching Regulators & Controllers

Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.

Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.

Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.

Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.