3 Switching Regulators & Controllers 643

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Maximum Output Current	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Control Technique	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Control Mode	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Nominal Output Voltage	Maximum Input Voltage
PT5123C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		26 V
78SR109HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
78SR115HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			17.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5046C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.2 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		9 V
PT5042N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	950 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.75 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		14 V
PT5542A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.75 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			4.5 V				9 V
PT5022CT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5111A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	14 V		14 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
PT5105S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSFM-T3	1	Not Qualified
PT5103H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.4TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		26 V
PT5105L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	10.5 V		10.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
78SR106TC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		UNSPECIFIED	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3(UNSPEC)	Switching Regulator or Controllers		80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	X-XSMA-X3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5045A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.2 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		8 V
PT5046L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.8 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	DUAL	R-PDSO-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V				9 V
PT5024C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5049LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	950 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE				55 Cel		-20 Cel	DUAL	R-PDSO-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V				14 V
78SR153SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
78SR112SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	16 V		14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5123A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		26 V
PT5103G	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	825 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	3.5 A	1	HYBRID	FLAT			FLANGE MOUNT				70 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSFM-F12		Not Qualified	8 V		7 V			3.3 V	20 V
PT5026A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5046LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE				70 Cel		-20 Cel	DUAL	R-PDSO-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V				9 V
PT5111S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSFM-T3	1	Not Qualified
PT5041J	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.5TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		11 V
PT5110N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	13 V		13 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
78ST112TC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		UNSPECIFIED	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	X-XSMA-X3	1	Not Qualified	16 V		14.5 V		215		30 V
78ST305SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	3 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				70 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V		8 V				20 V
PT5031N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5112CT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified
PT5544A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.75 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT79SR115V	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified		IT OPERATES FROM A -19V TO -30V	-19 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		-30 V
78ST105SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V				30 V
78ST107SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V				30 V
78HT305HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	3 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				70 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		8 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		28 V
PT5041L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V				11 V
PT5042S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	950 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				55 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V				14 V
PT5107L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified			19 V				38 V
PT5048LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE				70 Cel		-20 Cel	DUAL	R-PDSO-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V				11.6 V
78HT233SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V				15 V
78SR106SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5028N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
78SR105SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT79SR152S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3		Not Qualified			-9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		-30 V
PT5031A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V				7 V
PT5107A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	19 V		19 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
PT5109M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9.6 V		9.6 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
78HT246VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		6.6 V				28 V
PT5048A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		11.6 V

Switching Regulators & Controllers

Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.

Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.

Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.

Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.