3 Switching Regulators & Controllers 643

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Maximum Output Current	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Control Technique	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Control Mode	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Nominal Input Voltage	Minimum Input Voltage	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Nominal Output Voltage	Maximum Input Voltage
78HT205SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V	7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		28 V
PT5042H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	950 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	IN-LINE				55 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSIP-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V				14 V
PT5041H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.5TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		11 V
PT79SR112V	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified		-16 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		-30 V
PT5109J	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSFM-T3	1	Not Qualified
PT5101R	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				80 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSFM-T3	1	Not Qualified		9 V				38 V
PT5103B	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	825 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	3.5 A	1	HYBRID	FLAT			FLANGE MOUNT				70 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSFM-F12		Not Qualified	8 V	7 V			3.3 V	20 V
PT5024L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5023J	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V				7 V
78HT253SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V	7.25 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		28 V
78SR112SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	16 V	14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
78ST108SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5121N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V	7 V				38 V
PT5111M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	14 V	14 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
PT5049A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	950 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		14 V
PT5102S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	16 V	16 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
PT5101S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V	9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
78SR105SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V	7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
78ST133SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	10 V	7 V				26 V
PT5029N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V				7 V
PT5028S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	IN-LINE				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSIP-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V				7 V
PT5045N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.8 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V				8 V
PT5103U	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	3.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE			IN-LINE				70 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSIP-T3		Not Qualified	8 V	7 V			3.3 V	26 V
PT5109A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9.6 V	9.6 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
78ST108VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5103M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V	9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		26 V
78ST305VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	3 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	70 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V	8 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		20 V
PT6501S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	725 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V				6 V
78HT205VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V	7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		28 V
PT79SR112T	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3(UNSPEC)	Switching Regulator or Controllers		60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-X3		Not Qualified		-16 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		-30 V
PT5111N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	14 V	14 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
PT5044A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5042A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	950 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.75 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		14 V
PT5102CT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	16 V	16 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
78ST165VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified		7 V				30 V
PT5101L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V	9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
PT79SR109H	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified		-13 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		-30 V
PT5101M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V	9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		38 V
78ST107HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5027C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5027N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		7 V
PT5026S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	IN-LINE				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSIP-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V				7 V
78SR108SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified		14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		30 V
PT5542C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.75 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		9 V
PT5021LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.75 V				7 V
78ST133VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	10 V	7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		26 V
PT5546A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.3 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified		4.5 V				9 V
78HT265TC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		UNSPECIFIED	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		UNSPECIFIED		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	X-XSMA-X3		Not Qualified	9 V	8.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		28 V

Switching Regulators & Controllers

Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.

Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.

Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.

Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.