3 Switching Regulators & Controllers 643

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Maximum Output Current	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Control Technique	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Control Mode	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Maximum Input Voltage
PT5049C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	950 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	14 V
PT5023A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5027J	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
PT5111CT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified
78SR106SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5023N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
78HT205HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT5023LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
78ST112HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	16 V		14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5121C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
PT5029A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
78ST109TC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		UNSPECIFIED	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	X-XSMA-X3		Not Qualified
PT5028J	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
78ST233SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	15 V
PT5042LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	950 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE				55 Cel		-20 Cel	DUAL	R-PDSO-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			14 V
78ST151SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			7 V			30 V
PT5103C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	9 V		9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	26 V
PT5101U	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3	SIP	SQUARE	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	S-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
78SR153HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5029LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
PT5024LT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
PT79SR109S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3		Not Qualified			-13 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	-30 V
PT5123CT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V			26 V
PT79SR108S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3		Not Qualified			-12 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	-30 V
PT79SR105S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1050 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	60 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-G3		Not Qualified	-10 V	IT OPERATES FROM A -9V TO -30V	-9 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	-30 V
78HT210SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1		GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			12 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT5107N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	19 V		19 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
PT5541A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9 V
PT5103S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED		1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSFM-T3	1	Not Qualified			9 V			26 V
78ST205HC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1050 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		8 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	20 V
PT5102J	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.4TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	16 V		16 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
PT5022N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5103R	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	UNSPECIFIED		1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSFM-T3	1	Not Qualified			9 V			26 V
PT5042M	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	950 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	.75 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	14 V
PT5048N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	11.6 V
PT5021L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5541N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9 V
PT5025S	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	3	SIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK-BOOST	IN-LINE				65 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSIP-T3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			7 V
78SR108VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			14.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5102G	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				80 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSFM-T3	1	Not Qualified			16 V			38 V
78SR115SC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified			17.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5048L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	DUAL	R-PDSO-G3	1	Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V			11.6 V
78ST109VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
78ST136VC	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP3,.2	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T3		Not Qualified			7 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	26 V
PT5026C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	1200 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	5 V		4.75 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 V
PT5105C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	800 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	2.6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified	10.5 V		10.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	38 V
78SR115SCT	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	3		RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	1.5 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP3H,1.0TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	80 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G3		Not Qualified				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30 V
PT5123L	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	3		RECTANGULAR	NO	875 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE		BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				80 Cel		-20 Cel	SINGLE	R-PSMA-T3		Not Qualified	9 V		7 V			26 V

Switching Regulators & Controllers

Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.

Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.

Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.

Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.