BGA Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) 2,054

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Part	Manufacturer	Programmable IC Type	Grading Of Temperature	Form Of Terminal	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Propagation Delay	No. of Logic Cells	Surface Mount	Maximum Supply Voltage	No. of Macro Cells	Technology Used	No. of Inputs	Nominal Supply Voltage (V)	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	In-System Programmable	Output Function	Minimum Supply Voltage	Pitch Of Terminal	Maximum Operating Temperature	Organization	No. of Dedicated Inputs	Minimum Operating Temperature	Finishing Of Terminal Used	Position Of Terminal	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Clock Frequency	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	No. of Outputs	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	JTAG Boundary Scan Test	No. of I/O Lines
EPM7256ABI256-6	Altera	EE PLD	Industrial	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	6 ns		Yes	3.6 V		CMOS		3.3		Grid Array				Macrocell	3 V	1.27 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 164 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256		2.3 mm	27 mm	No	256 Macrocells; 16 Labs; Configurable I/O operation with 2.5 V or 3.3 V	e1	200 MHz				27 mm		164
EPF10K50EBI484-3	Altera	Loadable PLD	Industrial	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.9 ns		Yes	2.7 V				2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.3 V		85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 254 I/O	4	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484				No		e1							254
EPM2210M100C4N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V				2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1							0
EP20K100FC324-1XN	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	324	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	2.5 ns		Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 252 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B324		3.5 mm	19 mm	No		e1					19 mm		252
EPF10K50SFC672-3X	Altera	Loadable PLD	Commercial	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	12.5 ns		Yes	2.7 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.3 V	1 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	254 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672		2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1					27 mm		254
EP20K400CF672C8ES	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V				1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 488 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672		2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1					27 mm		488
EP20K200EFG672ES	Altera	Loadable PLD		Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V				1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm		4 Dedicated Inputs, 376 I/O	4		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672		2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1					27 mm		376
EP20K200FC484-1	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	2.5 ns	8320	Yes	2.625 V		CMOS	376	2.5	2.5,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA484,22X22,40	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 382 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484	3	2.1 mm	23 mm	No		e0		20 s	376	220 °C (428 °F)	23 mm		382
EPM240ZM68I7N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	68	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	12 ns		Yes	1.89 V	192	CMOS		1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA68,9X9,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm		0 Dedicated Inputs	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B68				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes
EP20K100FI784-3	Altera	Loadable PLD		Ball	784	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V				2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			4 Dedicated Inputs	4		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B784	3			No		e1				220 °C (428 °F)
EP1K30FI484-1	Altera	Loadable PLD	Industrial	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	8 ns		Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Registered	2.375 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	6 Dedicated Inputs, 171 I/O	6	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484		2.1 mm	23 mm	No		e1	90 MHz				23 mm		171
EP20K200CFI672-9	Altera	Loadable PLD		Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V				1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm		376 I/O			Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672		2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1					27 mm		376
EP1K30FC256-1	Altera	Loadable PLD	Commercial	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.4 ns	1728	Yes	2.625 V		CMOS	171	2.5	2.5,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,50	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Mixed	2.375 V	1 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	171 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256	3	2.1 mm	17 mm	No		e0	90 MHz	20 s	171	220 °C (428 °F)	17 mm		171
EP20K100BI484-1	Altera	Loadable PLD		Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V				2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			4 Dedicated Inputs, 252 I/O	4		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484				No		e1							252
EP20K600EBC652-1X	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	652	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	1.57 ns	24320	Yes	1.89 V		CMOS	480	1.8	1.8,1.8/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA652,35X35,50	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	1.71 V	1.27 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 488 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B652	3	3.5 mm	45 mm	No		e0	160 MHz	20 s	480	220 °C (428 °F)	45 mm		488
EP20K1000EBC652-1X	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	652	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	1.84 ns	38400	Yes	1.89 V		CMOS	480	1.8	1.8,1.8/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA652,35X35,50	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	1.71 V	1.27 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 488 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B652	3	3.5 mm	45 mm	No		e0	160 MHz	20 s	480	220 °C (428 °F)	45 mm		488
EPF6016AFC256-1	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy		1320	Yes	3.6 V		CMOS	171	3.3	2.5/3.3,3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	3 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 171 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256	3	2.1 mm	17 mm	No		e0	172 MHz	20 s	171	220 °C (428 °F)	17 mm		171
EPM7128BBI100-4	Altera	EE PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	4 ns		Yes		128	CMOS			1.8/3.3,2.5 V	Grid Array	BGA100,10X10	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1.5 mm					Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No		e0				220 °C (428 °F)		Yes
EPF10K50SFC484-3N	Altera	Loadable PLD	Commercial	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.5 ns		Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.375 V	1 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	254 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin/Silver/Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484		2.1 mm	23 mm	No		e1		40 s		260 °C (500 °F)	23 mm		254
EPM7128BFI256	Altera	EE PLD		Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm		4 Dedicated Inputs, 100 I/O	4		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256		2.1 mm	17 mm	No		e1					17 mm		100
EPM2210F256A4N	Altera	Flash PLD	Automotive	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	9.1 ns		Yes	2.625 V	1700	CMOS		2.5	1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	125 °C (257 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 204 I/O	0	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256		2.2 mm	17 mm	No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1					17 mm	Yes	204
EPF10K70BM560-5	Altera	Loadable PLD	Military	Ball	560	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	27 ns		Yes	5.5 V		CMOS		5		Grid Array				Registered	4.5 V		125 °C (257 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs	4	-55 °C (-67 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B560				No	3744 Logic elements Configurable I/O operation with 3.3 V or 5 V	e1	53.76 MHz
EP20K300EFC672-3X	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	3.06 ns		Yes	1.89 V		CMOS		1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 408 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672	3	3.5 mm	27 mm	No		e1	160 MHz			220 °C (428 °F)	27 mm		408
EP20K200EBC484-3	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes					1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell			85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 376 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484				No		e1							376
EP20K60EFC672-2	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V				1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 204 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672	3	2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1	160 MHz			220 °C (428 °F)	27 mm		204
EPM7256ABC256-10	Altera	EE PLD	Commercial	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	10 ns		Yes	3.6 V		CMOS		3.3		Grid Array				Macrocell	3 V	1.27 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 164 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256		2.3 mm	27 mm	No	256 Macrocells	e1	125 MHz				27 mm		164
EPM7128ALBC256-10	Altera	EE PLD	Commercial	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	10 ns		Yes		128	CMOS			2.5/3.3,3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm	70 °C (158 °F)			0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256				No		e0				220 °C (428 °F)		Yes
EP20K400BC652-1N	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	652	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	2.5 ns		Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V	1.27 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 502 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B652		3.5 mm	45 mm	No		e1					45 mm		502
EP20K400BC652-1VX	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	652	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	2.5 ns		Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V	1.27 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 502 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B652		3.5 mm	45 mm	No		e1	100 MHz				45 mm		502
EPF10K130EBC484-3	Altera	Loadable PLD	Commercial	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.9 ns		Yes	2.7 V				2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.3 V		70 °C (158 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 369 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484				No		e1							369
EPM2210F256I4	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	9.1 ns		Yes		1700	CMOS			1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes			1 mm					Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256	3			No		e0				220 °C (428 °F)		Yes
EP20K400FC672-2	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	3.1 ns	16640	Yes	2.625 V		CMOS	496	2.5	2.5,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA672,26X26,40	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	502 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672	3	2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e0		20 s	496	220 °C (428 °F)	27 mm		502
EPM2210GF100I5N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	1.89 V				1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No		e1							0
EPF10K130VBI600-4	Altera	Loadable PLD	Industrial	Ball	600	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	24.2 ns		Yes	3.6 V		CMOS		3.3		Grid Array				Registered	3 V	1.27 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 470 I/O	4	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B600		1.93 mm	45 mm	No		e1					45 mm		470
EPF10K200SBC600-2	Altera	Loadable PLD	Commercial	Ball	600	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.6 ns	9984	Yes	2.625 V		CMOS	470	2.5	2.5,2.5/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA600,35X35,50	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Mixed	2.375 V	1.27 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	470 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B600	3	1.93 mm	45 mm	No		e0		20 s	470	220 °C (428 °F)	45 mm		470
EPM7256BFC256-5	Altera	EE PLD	Commercial	Ball	256	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	5 ns		Yes	2.625 V	256	CMOS		2.5	1.8/3.3,2.5 V	Grid Array	BGA256,16X16,40	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	2.375 V	1 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 164 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B256	3	3.5 mm	17 mm	No		e0	188.7 MHz	20 s		220 °C (428 °F)	17 mm	Yes	164
EPF10K130EBC600-2N	Altera	Loadable PLD	Commercial	Ball	600	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.5 ns		Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.375 V	1.27 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	424 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B600		1.93 mm	45 mm	No		e1					45 mm		424
EPM570ZM256I6N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	9.5 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS		1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm		0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1						Yes	160
EPM1270M100C3N	Altera	Flash PLD		Ball	100	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes	2.625 V				2.5		Grid Array				Macrocell	2.375 V			0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O	0		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B100				No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1							0
EP20K200EFC672-2X	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	1.97 ns	8320	Yes	1.89 V		CMOS	368	1.8	1.8,1.8/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA672,26X26,40	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 376 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672	3	3.5 mm	27 mm	No		e0	160 MHz	20 s	368	220 °C (428 °F)	27 mm		376
EP20K200CF672I-7	Altera	Loadable PLD		Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	1.6 ns		Yes	1.89 V				1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm		4 Dedicated Inputs, 376 I/O	4		Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672	3	2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1				220 °C (428 °F)	27 mm		376
EPM570GM256C5N	Altera	Flash PLD	Other	Ball	256	BGA	Rectangular	Plastic/Epoxy	8.7 ns		Yes	1.89 V	440	CMOS		1.8	1.5/3.3,1.8 V	Grid Array	BGA256,20X20,20	Programmable Logic Devices	Yes	Macrocell	1.71 V	.5 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O	0	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	R-PBGA-B256	3			No	It can also operate at 3.3 V	e1		30 s		260 °C (500 °F)		Yes	160
EPF10K130EFC672-2N	Altera	Loadable PLD	Commercial	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.5 ns		Yes	2.625 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.375 V	1 mm	70 °C (158 °F)	413 I/O		0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672		2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1					27 mm		413
EPF10K130EBI484-1	Altera	Loadable PLD	Industrial	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	0.6 ns		Yes	2.7 V				2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.3 V		85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 369 I/O	4	-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484				No		e1							369
EP20K1000EBC652-2N	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	652	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	2.13 ns		Yes	1.89 V		CMOS		1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell	1.71 V	1.27 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 488 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin/Silver/Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B652		3.5 mm	45 mm	No		e1	160 MHz	40 s		245 °C (473 °F)	45 mm		488
EP20K100EBC672-2	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy			Yes					1.8		Grid Array				Macrocell			85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 246 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672				No		e1							246
EPF10K130EFI672-3X	Altera	Loadable PLD	Industrial	Ball	672	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	16 ns		Yes	2.7 V		CMOS		2.5		Grid Array				Mixed	2.3 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	413 I/O		-40 °C (-40 °F)	Tin Silver Copper	Bottom	S-PBGA-B672		2.1 mm	27 mm	No		e1					27 mm		413
EP20K200EFC484-2	Altera	Loadable PLD	Other	Ball	484	BGA	Square	Plastic/Epoxy	1.97 ns	8320	Yes	1.89 V		CMOS	368	1.8	1.8,1.8/3.3 V	Grid Array	BGA484,22X22,40	Field Programmable Gate Arrays		Macrocell	1.71 V	1 mm	85 °C (185 °F)	4 Dedicated Inputs, 376 I/O	4	0 °C (32 °F)	Tin Lead	Bottom	S-PBGA-B484	3	2.1 mm	23 mm	No		e0	160 MHz	20 s	368	220 °C (428 °F)	23 mm		376

Programmable Logic Devices (PLD)

Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are digital circuits that are designed to be programmed by the user to perform specific logic functions. They consist of an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) that can be programmed to perform any digital function, as well as programmable interconnects that allow these blocks to be connected in any way the designer wishes. This makes PLDs highly versatile and customizable, and they are often used in applications where a high degree of flexibility and performance is required.

PLDs are programmed using specialized software tools that allow the designer to specify the logic functions and interconnects that are required for a particular application. This process is known as synthesis and involves translating the high-level design into a format that can be implemented on the PLD hardware. The resulting configuration data is then loaded onto the PLD, allowing it to perform the desired logic functions.

PLDs are used in a wide range of applications, including digital signal processing, computer networking, and high-performance computing. They offer a number of advantages over traditional fixed-function digital circuits, including the ability to be reprogrammed in the field, lower development costs, and faster time-to-market. However, they also have some disadvantages, including higher power consumption and lower performance compared to custom-designed digital circuits.