BGA Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) 2,054

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Programmable IC Type Grading Of Temperature Form Of Terminal No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Package Body Material Propagation Delay No. of Logic Cells Surface Mount Maximum Supply Voltage No. of Macro Cells Technology Used Screening Level No. of Inputs Architecture Nominal Supply Voltage (V) Packing Method Power Supplies (V) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category In-System Programmable Output Function Minimum Supply Voltage No. of Product Terms Pitch Of Terminal Maximum Operating Temperature Organization No. of Dedicated Inputs Minimum Operating Temperature Finishing Of Terminal Used Position Of Terminal JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Clock Frequency Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length JTAG Boundary Scan Test No. of I/O Lines

EPM7128AEFC256-7

Altera

EE PLD

Commercial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

7.5 ns

Yes

3.6 V

128

CMOS

3.3

2.5/3.3,3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

3 V

1 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 100 I/O

0

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.1 mm

17 mm

No

e0

129.9 MHz

20 s

220 °C (428 °F)

17 mm

Yes

100

EP2A70B724C9N

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

724

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2.87 ns

Yes

1.575 V

CMOS

1.5

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.425 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

536 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B724

3.5 mm

35 mm

No

e1

35 mm

536

EPF10K200SFI672-3

Altera

Loadable PLD

Industrial

Ball

672

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

16 ns

9984

Yes

2.7 V

CMOS

470

2.5

2.5,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA672,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Mixed

2.3 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

470 I/O

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B672

3

2.1 mm

27 mm

No

e0

470

220 °C (428 °F)

27 mm

470

EPM7512BFI256-10

Altera

EE PLD

Industrial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

5.5 ns

Yes

2.625 V

512

CMOS

2.5

1.8/3.3,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

2.375 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 212 I/O

0

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

3.5 mm

17 mm

No

e0

163.9 MHz

220 °C (428 °F)

17 mm

Yes

212

EPF10K200EBC600-1N

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

600

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

0.4 ns

Yes

2.7 V

CMOS

2.5

Grid Array

Mixed

2.3 V

1.27 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

470 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B600

1.93 mm

45 mm

No

e1

45 mm

470

EPM1270GF100I3ES

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e0

0

EPF10K130EBC600-1N

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

600

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

0.3 ns

Yes

2.625 V

CMOS

2.5

Grid Array

Mixed

2.375 V

1.27 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

424 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B600

1.93 mm

45 mm

No

e1

45 mm

424

EPF10K50EBC256-2

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

0.7 ns

Yes

2.7 V

2.5

Grid Array

Mixed

2.3 V

1.27 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 191 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

2.3 mm

27 mm

No

e1

27 mm

191

EP20K600EFC33-2XN

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

1020

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2.25 ns

Yes

1.89 V

CMOS

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 588 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1020

3.5 mm

33 mm

No

e1

33 mm

588

EP20K30EFC324-1

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

324

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1.91 ns

1200

Yes

1.89 V

CMOS

120

1.8

1.8,1.8/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA324,18X18,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 128 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B324

3

2.1 mm

19 mm

No

e1

160 MHz

120

220 °C (428 °F)

19 mm

128

EPM1270GF100C4ES

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e0

0

EPM2210GF324I5

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

324

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

11.2 ns

Yes

1.89 V

1700

CMOS

1.8

1.5/3.3,1.8 V

Grid Array

BGA324,18X18,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

0 Dedicated Inputs, 272 I/O

0

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B324

3

2.2 mm

19 mm

No

e0

20 s

220 °C (428 °F)

19 mm

Yes

272

EPF10K200SFC484-3

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

0.8 ns

9984

Yes

2.625 V

CMOS

369

2.5

2.5,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA484,22X22,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Mixed

2.375 V

1 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

369 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

3

2.1 mm

23 mm

No

e0

369

220 °C (428 °F)

23 mm

369

EPM7128AEFI256-7

Altera

EE PLD

Industrial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

7.5 ns

Yes

3.6 V

128

CMOS

3.3

2.5/3.3,3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

3 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 100 I/O

0

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.1 mm

17 mm

No

e0

129.9 MHz

220 °C (428 °F)

17 mm

Yes

100

EP20K100FC784-3

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

784

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.625 V

2.5

Grid Array

Macrocell

2.375 V

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B784

3

No

e1

220 °C (428 °F)

EPF10K100BFI256-2

Altera

Loadable PLD

Industrial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

12 ns

4992

Yes

2.7 V

CMOS

191

2.5

2.5,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Mixed

2.3 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

191 I/O

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.1 mm

17 mm

No

e0

191

220 °C (428 °F)

17 mm

191

EPM7256ABC256-6

Altera

EE PLD

Commercial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

6 ns

Yes

3.6 V

CMOS

3.3

Grid Array

Macrocell

3 V

1.27 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 164 I/O

0

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

2.3 mm

27 mm

No

256 Macrocells; 16 Labs; Configurable I/O operation with 2.5 V or 3.3 V

e1

200 MHz

27 mm

164

EPM1270GM100C5ES

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e0

0

EPM1270GM100I5ES

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e0

0

EPM1270GF100I3N

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e1

0

EP20K200CF484I-9

Altera

Loadable PLD

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

8320

Yes

1.89 V

CMOS

368

1.8

1.8,1.8/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA484,22X22,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

4 Dedicated Inputs, 376 I/O

4

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

3

2.1 mm

23 mm

No

e0

368

220 °C (428 °F)

23 mm

376

EPM1270GF256I4

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

8.1 ns

Yes

980

CMOS

1.5/3.3,1.8 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

1 mm

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

No

e0

220 °C (428 °F)

Yes

EP2A70F1508C8N

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

1508

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2.49 ns

Yes

1.575 V

CMOS

1.5

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.425 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1060 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1508

3.5 mm

40 mm

No

e1

40 mm

1060

EP20K400FI784-1

Altera

Loadable PLD

Ball

784

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.625 V

2.5

Grid Array

Macrocell

2.375 V

4 Dedicated Inputs

4

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B784

3

No

e1

220 °C (428 °F)

EP2A40F1020I8

Altera

Loadable PLD

Ball

1020

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1.78 ns

38400

Yes

1.575 V

CMOS

723

1.5

1.5,1.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA1020,32X32,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Macrocell

1.425 V

1 mm

735 I/O

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1020

3.5 mm

33 mm

No

e0

723

33 mm

735

EP20K100FC324-2V

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

324

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

3 ns

4160

Yes

2.625 V

CMOS

246

2.5

2.5,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA324,18X18,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Macrocell

2.375 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 252 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B324

3

3.5 mm

19 mm

No

e1

34 MHz

246

220 °C (428 °F)

19 mm

252

EP1K10FC256-1N

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

0.4 ns

576

Yes

2.625 V

CMOS

136

2.5

2.5,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Mixed

2.375 V

1 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

136 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.1 mm

17 mm

No

e1

90 MHz

30 s

136

260 °C (500 °F)

17 mm

136

EPM1270GM100C5N

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e1

0

EPM7064BFC256-7

Altera

EE PLD

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

7.5 ns

Yes

2.625 V

64

CMOS

2.5

1.8/3.3,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

2.375 V

1 mm

4 Dedicated Inputs, 68 I/O

4

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.1 mm

17 mm

No

e0

135.1 MHz

220 °C (428 °F)

17 mm

Yes

68

EPM240M100A5N

Altera

Flash PLD

Automotive

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

7.5 ns

Yes

2.625 V

192

CMOS

2.5

1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA100,11X11,20

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

2.375 V

.5 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O

0

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

It can also operate at 3.3 V

e1

Yes

80

EP20K400EFI672-3

Altera

Loadable PLD

Ball

672

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

16640

Yes

CMOS

480

1.8

1.8,1.8/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA672,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Macrocell

1 mm

4 Dedicated Inputs, 488 I/O

4

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B672

3

No

e0

480

220 °C (428 °F)

488

EP20K160EFC484-3N

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2.29 ns

6400

Yes

1.89 V

CMOS

308

1.8

1.8,1.8/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA484,22X22,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 316 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

3

2.1 mm

23 mm

No

e1

160 MHz

30 s

308

260 °C (500 °F)

23 mm

316

EPM7128AFI256-12

Altera

EE PLD

Industrial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

12 ns

Yes

3.6 V

128

CMOS

3.3

2.5/3.3,3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,50

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

3 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 100 I/O

0

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.1 mm

17 mm

No

e0

72.5 MHz

220 °C (428 °F)

17 mm

Yes

100

EPM2210F256I3

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

7 ns

Yes

1700

CMOS

1.5/3.3,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

1 mm

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

No

e0

220 °C (428 °F)

Yes

EP20K1500EFC33-1N

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

1020

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1.84 ns

Yes

1.89 V

CMOS

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 808 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1020

3.5 mm

33 mm

No

e1

33 mm

808

EPM570GF100C3ES

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 76 I/O

0

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e0

76

EPM2210GF100C5N

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e1

0

EPM570GF256C3

Altera

Flash PLD

Commercial Extended

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

5.4 ns

Yes

1.89 V

440

CMOS

1.8

1.5/3.3,1.8 V

Grid Array

BGA256,16X16,40

Programmable Logic Devices

Yes

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 160 I/O

0

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.2 mm

17 mm

No

e0

20 s

220 °C (428 °F)

17 mm

Yes

160

EP20K100BC484-2

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.625 V

2.5

Grid Array

Macrocell

2.375 V

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 252 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

No

e1

252

EPF10K100EFC256-1XN

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

0.4 ns

Yes

2.625 V

CMOS

2.5

Grid Array

Mixed

2.375 V

1 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

191 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

2.1 mm

17 mm

No

e1

17 mm

191

EP20K1000EBC652-3X

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

652

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2.32 ns

Yes

1.89 V

CMOS

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 488 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B652

3.5 mm

45 mm

No

e1

160 MHz

220 °C (428 °F)

45 mm

488

EPM7128ABC100-6

Altera

EE PLD

Commercial

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

6 ns

Yes

3.6 V

CMOS

3.3

Grid Array

Macrocell

3 V

70 °C (158 °F)

0 Dedicated Inputs, 84 I/O

0

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

128 Macrocells

e1

166.7 MHz

84

EPM240GM100C3ES

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 80 I/O

0

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

e0

80

EPF10K100AFC484-2

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

0.7 ns

4992

Yes

3.6 V

CMOS

406

3.3

2.5/3.3,3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA484,22X22,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Registered

3 V

1 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 369 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

3

2.1 mm

23 mm

No

4992 Logic Elements; 624 Labs

e0

80 MHz

20 s

406

220 °C (428 °F)

23 mm

369

EPF10K50SFC672-2

Altera

Loadable PLD

Commercial

Ball

672

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

9.5 ns

2880

Yes

2.7 V

CMOS

254

2.5

2.5,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA672,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Mixed

2.3 V

1 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

254 I/O

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B672

3

2.1 mm

27 mm

No

e0

254

220 °C (428 °F)

27 mm

254

EP20K200EFC484-3X

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2.33 ns

Yes

1.89 V

CMOS

1.8

Grid Array

Macrocell

1.71 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 376 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

3

2.1 mm

23 mm

No

e1

160 MHz

220 °C (428 °F)

23 mm

376

EPM2210M100C3N

Altera

Flash PLD

Ball

100

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.625 V

2.5

Grid Array

Macrocell

2.375 V

0 Dedicated Inputs, 0 I/O

0

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B100

No

It can also operate at 3.3 V

e1

0

EP20K400BC652-2XV

Altera

Loadable PLD

Other

Ball

652

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

3.1 ns

Yes

2.625 V

CMOS

2.5

Grid Array

Macrocell

2.375 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4 Dedicated Inputs, 502 I/O

4

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B652

3.5 mm

45 mm

No

e1

220 °C (428 °F)

45 mm

502

Programmable Logic Devices (PLD)

Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are digital circuits that are designed to be programmed by the user to perform specific logic functions. They consist of an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) that can be programmed to perform any digital function, as well as programmable interconnects that allow these blocks to be connected in any way the designer wishes. This makes PLDs highly versatile and customizable, and they are often used in applications where a high degree of flexibility and performance is required.

PLDs are programmed using specialized software tools that allow the designer to specify the logic functions and interconnects that are required for a particular application. This process is known as synthesis and involves translating the high-level design into a format that can be implemented on the PLD hardware. The resulting configuration data is then loaded onto the PLD, allowing it to perform the desired logic functions.

PLDs are used in a wide range of applications, including digital signal processing, computer networking, and high-performance computing. They offer a number of advantages over traditional fixed-function digital circuits, including the ability to be reprogrammed in the field, lower development costs, and faster time-to-market. However, they also have some disadvantages, including higher power consumption and lower performance compared to custom-designed digital circuits.