Network Interfaces

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Part	Manufacturer	Telecom IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	No. of Channels	Technology	Screening Level	No. of Transceivers	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Data Rate	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length
CC3100MODR11MAMOBT	Texas Instruments	WIRELESS LAN CIRCUIT	OTHER	BUTT	63	LGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1		3.3 V		GRID ARRAY			1.27 mm	70 Cel	-20 Cel	NICKEL GOLD	BOTTOM		R-PBGA-B63	3	2.38 mm	17.5 mm			e4	30	260	20.5 mm
KSZ8721CL-TR	Microchip Technology	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	48	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS		1		2.5 V		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP48,.35SQ,20		.5 mm	70 Cel	0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	100 Mbps	S-PQFP-G48		1.6 mm	7 mm			e3			7 mm
MAX13052ESA	Maxim Integrated	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1		5 V	3.3,5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e0			4.9 mm
MAX13052ESA+	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1		5 V	3.3,5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e3	30	260	4.9 mm
MAX14883EASA+	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm			e3	30	260	8.65 mm
MCP2003BT-E/SN	Microchip Technology	LIN TRANSCEIVER		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			TS 16949	1		12 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm			e3			4.9 mm
TJA1040T/H/V,518	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS		1	75 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified					4.9 mm
TJA1055T/2Z	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT																										1							260
DP83TG720RWRHATQ1	Texas Instruments	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	36	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	4	250 mA	1 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC36,.24SQ,20		.5 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	1000 Mbps	S-PQCC-N36	3	.9 mm	6 mm		IT ALSO REQUIRES 3.3V SUPPLY	e4	30	260	6 mm
KSZ8721SLI	Microchip Technology	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	48	SSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS		1		2.5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP48,.40		.635 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	100 Mbps	R-PDSO-G48	3	2.794 mm	7.493 mm	Not Qualified		e3			15.875 mm
ADIN1200CCP32Z	Analog Devices	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	105 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N32	3	.8 mm	5 mm				30	260	5 mm
TCAN1051HD	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	MILITARY	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1			1	180 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-55 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	2 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.895 mm			e4	30	260	4.905 mm
TJA1050T/N1,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS		1	.075 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4			4.9 mm
TJF1051T/3	NXP Semiconductors	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
AMIS42770ICAW1G	Onsemi	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				2	.1375 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.4	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G20	2	2.6416 mm	7.5184 mm	Not Qualified		e3	30	260	12.7762 mm
MAX13052ASA-T	Maxim Integrated	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1		5 V	3.3,5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e0			4.9 mm
MAX13052ASA+T	Analog Devices	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		BICMOS		1		5 V	3.3,5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e3	30	260	4.9 mm
MCP2003-E/P	Microchip Technology	LIN TRANSCEIVER		THROUGH-HOLE	8	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1			TS 16949	1		12 V		IN-LINE	DIP8,.3		2.54 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		R-PDIP-T8		5.33 mm	7.62 mm						9.27 mm
XISO1042DWR	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS				1.8 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G16		2.8 mm	5.85 mm						7.5 mm
E98103A38B	Elmos Semiconductor Ag	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		NO LEAD	32	QCCN	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, VERY THIN PROFILE				85 Cel	-25 Cel		QUAD		R-XQCC-N32					ALSO OPERATES WITH 5V NOMINAL SUPPLY
LAN8820I-ABZJ	Microchip Technology	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1			TS 16949	1		1.2 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC56,.31SQ,20		.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	1000 Mbps	S-XQCC-N56		1 mm	8 mm			e3			8 mm
TJA1044GTK	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	110 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	5 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm		ESD on pins CANH and CANL ESD is 8kV		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	3 mm
UJA1169ATK/3Z	NXP Semiconductors	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER		NO LEAD	20	HVSON	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	67 mA	13 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC20,.14,20		.5 mm			NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	DUAL	15 Mbps	R-PDSO-N20	1	1 mm	3.5 mm			e4	30	260	5.5 mm
14235R-500	Dialog Semiconductor	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1				1	70 mA	3.3 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC48,.27SQ,20	Network Interfaces	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD	.078 Mbps	S-XQCC-N48		.9 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified					7 mm
FTT-10A	Dialog Semiconductor	SUPPORT CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED			RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1						5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN OVER NICKEL	UNSPECIFIED		R-PXMA-X						e3
IFX1051SJXUMA1	Infineon Technologies	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL GOLD PALLADIUM	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	2A	1.75 mm	4 mm					260	5 mm
TJA1051T/E,112	NXP Semiconductors	CAN TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	70 mA	5 V	3/5,5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	DUAL	1 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
KSZ8061MNGW-TR	Microchip Technology	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1			TS 16949	1		1.2 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC48,.27SQ,20		.5 mm	105 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	100 Mbps	S-XQCC-N48		.9 mm	7 mm			e3			7 mm
MCP2562-H/MF	Microchip Technology	CAN TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			TS 16949	1	70 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	1 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8	1	1 mm	3 mm			e3	40	260	3 mm
PCA82C251N	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	THROUGH-HOLE	8	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1						5 V		IN-LINE			2.54 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDIP-T8		4.2 mm	7.62 mm	Not Qualified			40	250	9.5 mm
TJA1042TK/3	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	.07 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25	Network Interfaces	.65 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	DUAL	1 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8	1	1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	3 mm
TLE62512GXUMA3	Infineon Technologies	INTERFACE CIRCUIT		GULL WING	14	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100			5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm			NICKEL GOLD PALLADIUM	DUAL		R-PDSO-G14	2A	1.75 mm	4 mm				30	260	8.75 mm
MC33908NAE	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	48	HLFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1								FLATPACK, HEAT SINK/SLUG, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN	QUAD		S-PQFP-G48	3	1.6 mm	7 mm			e3	40	260	7 mm
TCAN1462VDRBRQ1	Texas Instruments	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER		NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	130 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	8 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8	2	1 mm	3 mm			e4	30	260	3 mm
TCAN1042HGDQ1	Texas Instruments	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	MILITARY	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	110 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-55 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	5 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.895 mm			e4	30	260	4.905 mm
TPIC1021DRG4	Texas Instruments	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	2.5 mA	14 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
KSZ8091RNDIA-TR	Microchip Technology	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1			TS 16949	1		3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC24,.16SQ,20		.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	100 Mbps	S-XQCC-N24	2	.9 mm	4 mm			e3	30	260	4 mm
PTCAN1462VDRBRQ1	Texas Instruments	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER		NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	130 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL	8 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm						3 mm
RTL8153B-VB-CG	Realtek Semiconductor	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER		NO LEAD	40		RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1				1				CHIP CARRIER							QUAD	1000 Mbps	R-XQCC-N40
AMIS42700WCGA4RH	Onsemi	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				2	.1375 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP20,.4	Network Interfaces	1.27 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL		R-PDSO-G20	2	2.6416 mm	7.5184 mm	Not Qualified		e3	30	260	12.7762 mm
TJA1044VT/3Z	NXP Semiconductors	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER		GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	110 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	DUAL	5 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm			e4	30	260	4.9 mm
KSZ8091MNXCA-TR	Microchip Technology	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1				1		3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC32,.2SQ,20		.5 mm	70 Cel	0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	100 Mbps	S-XQCC-N32	2	1 mm	5 mm			e3	30	260	5 mm
KSZ8895MQ	Microchip Technology	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	FQFP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS	TS 16949			1.2 V		FLATPACK, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		R-PQFP-G128		3.4 mm	14 mm						20 mm
MCP2544FD-H/SN	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	8 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm			e3	30	260	4.9 mm
TCAN1042DRQ1	Texas Instruments	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	MILITARY	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1		AEC-Q100	1	110 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	125 Cel	-55 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	2 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.895 mm			e4	30	260	4.905 mm
ATA6560-GAQW	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	70 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		1.27 mm	150 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	5 Mbps	R-PDSO-G8	3	1.8 mm	3.9 mm			e4			4.9 mm
DJLXT971ALE.A4	Intel	ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	64	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQFP-G64		1.6 mm	10 mm	Not Qualified			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	10 mm
MCP2542FDT-E/MFVAO	Microchip Technology	CAN FD TRANSCEIVER	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	8	HVSON	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100	1	140 mA	5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	SOLCC8,.12,25		.65 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	8 Mbps	S-PDSO-N8		1 mm	3 mm			e3			3 mm

Network Interfaces

A network interface is an electronic component that connects a device to a network, enabling it to communicate with other devices and access shared resources. Network interfaces are essential for modern communication systems, providing a means of transmitting and receiving data over a variety of communication channels and protocols.

Some common types of network interfaces include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular network interfaces. Ethernet is a wired network interface that uses twisted-pair cables to transmit data over local area networks (LANs). Wi-Fi is a wireless network interface that uses radio waves to transmit data over wireless local area networks (WLANs). Bluetooth is a short-range wireless network interface that is used for connecting peripheral devices such as keyboards and headphones to computers and mobile devices. Cellular network interfaces are used for mobile communications over cellular networks, providing internet connectivity and voice communication.

Network interfaces use various protocols and standards to ensure reliable and efficient data transmission. These protocols include TCP/IP, which is used for internet communication, and IEEE 802.11, which is used for wireless LANs. Network interfaces also use techniques such as packet framing, error correction, and flow control to ensure that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently.

In addition to providing a means of data transmission, network interfaces also enable devices to access shared resources such as printers and file servers. They also enable devices to communicate with each other, allowing for collaboration and information sharing.