Samsung Power Field Effect Transistors (FET) 1,134

Reset All
Part RoHS Manufacturer Polarity or Channel Type Configuration Surface Mount Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs) Maximum Collector Current (IC) Package Body Material Transistor Application Maximum Rise Time (tr) Maximum VCEsat Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage Terminal Form Package Shape Operating Mode No. of Elements Highest Frequency Band Maximum Pulsed Drain Current (IDM) Avalanche Energy Rating (EAS) Maximum Fall Time (tf) Maximum Drain Current (Abs) (ID) Nominal Turn Off Time (toff) No. of Terminals Package Style (Meter) Sub-Category Field Effect Transistor Technology Maximum Power Dissipation Ambient Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE) Maximum Operating Temperature Transistor Element Material Maximum Turn On Time (ton) Minimum Operating Temperature Maximum Turn Off Time (toff) Maximum Gate-Emitter Threshold Voltage Terminal Finish Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance Maximum Drain Current (ID) Terminal Position JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Case Connection Qualification Additional Features JEDEC-95 Code JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Nominal Turn On Time (ton) Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss) Reference Standard

IRFR9015-T1

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

60 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

18 A

240 mJ

2

SMALL OUTLINE

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

25 W

150 Cel

SILICON

80.2 ns

79 ns

.7 ohm

4.5 A

SINGLE

R-PSSO-G2

Not Qualified

IRLU111

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

30 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

80 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

16 A

4 A

3

IN-LINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

30 W

150 Cel

SILICON

45 ns

45 ns

.75 ohm

4 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

LOGIC LEVEL COMPATIBLE

IRFU9212

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

25 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

6.4 A

150 mJ

1.6 A

3

IN-LINE

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

25 W

150 Cel

SILICON

30 ns

37 ns

TIN LEAD

4.5 ohm

1.6 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

e0

IRLS530

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

100 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

.2 ohm

8.8 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

LOGIC LEVEL COMPATIBLE

TO-220AB

IRFS433

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

450 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

2 ohm

2.8 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-G3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFU120A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

32 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

100 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

34 A

141 mJ

8.4 A

3

IN-LINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.2 ohm

8.4 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

IRFS9520

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

100 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

.6 ohm

6 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRFP121

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

40 W

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

8 A

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

8 A

IRFS641

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

40 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

150 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

9.8 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.18 ohm

9.8 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRL630A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

69 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

32 A

54 mJ

9 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.4 ohm

9 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

LOGIC LEVEL COMPATIBLE

TO-220AB

IRFU210

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

25 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

11 A

31 mJ

2.6 A

3

IN-LINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

25 W

150 Cel

SILICON

42 ns

56 ns

1.5 ohm

2.7 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

IRF820A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

49 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

500 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

8 A

208 mJ

2.5 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

3 ohm

2.5 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRFS9533

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

60 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

.4 ohm

10 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRLM014A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

YES

2.1 W

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

2.8 A

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

2.8 A

IRLR230A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

YES

48 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

200 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

26 A

37 mJ

7.5 A

2

SMALL OUTLINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.4 ohm

7.5 A

SINGLE

R-PSSO-G2

DRAIN

Not Qualified

IRFS531

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

35 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

80 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

9.7 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.16 ohm

9.7 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRFU9121

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

42 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

80 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

24 A

370 mJ

6 A

3

IN-LINE

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

42 W

150 Cel

SILICON

79 ns

48 ns

.6 ohm

5.9 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

IRFP232

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

75 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

32 A

170 mJ

8 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

75 W

150 Cel

SILICON

80 ns

90 ns

.6 ohm

8 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

IRFSZ44

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

48 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

60 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

120 A

48 mJ

28 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

65 W

150 Cel

SILICON

242 ns

205 ns

.028 ohm

28 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRF9631

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

75 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

150 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

26 A

260 mJ

4 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

75 W

150 Cel

SILICON

150 ns

180 ns

.8 ohm

6.5 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRLI610A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

33 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

12 A

29 mJ

3.3 A

3

IN-LINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

1.5 ohm

3.3 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

IRFS340A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

85 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

400 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

32 A

549 mJ

8 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.55 ohm

8 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFS541

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

40 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

80 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

17 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.077 ohm

17 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRFS250A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

90 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

85 A

605 mJ

21 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.085 ohm

21.3 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFSZ34A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

34 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

60 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

80 A

343 mJ

20 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

175 Cel

SILICON

.04 ohm

20 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFU421

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

50 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

450 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

2.5 A

3

IN-LINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

3 ohm

2.5 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

IRFS9241

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

86 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

150 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

7.6 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.5 ohm

7.6 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFR420A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

YES

41 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

500 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

8 A

206 mJ

2.3 A

2

SMALL OUTLINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

3 ohm

2.3 A

SINGLE

R-PSSO-G2

DRAIN

Not Qualified

IRF441

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

125 W

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

8 A

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

8 A

e0

IRLU220A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

16 A

28 mJ

3

IN-LINE

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

.8 ohm

4.6 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

IRFZ44A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

126 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

60 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

200 A

857 mJ

50 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

126 W

175 Cel

SILICON

80 ns

280 ns

.024 ohm

50 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

255 pF

IRFU022

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

42 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

50 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

56 A

9.5 mJ

14 A

3

IN-LINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

42 W

150 Cel

SILICON

TIN LEAD

.12 ohm

14 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

e0

IRFU9120

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

42 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

100 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

24 A

370 mJ

5.6 A

3

IN-LINE

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

42 W

150 Cel

SILICON

79 ns

48 ns

.6 ohm

5.9 A

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T3

Not Qualified

IRF9Z10

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

20 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

50 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

19 A

1 mJ

4.7 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

20 W

150 Cel

SILICON

80 ns

79 ns

.5 ohm

6.7 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRF9510

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

43 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

100 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

24 A

167 mJ

4 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

20 W

150 Cel

SILICON

99 ns

80 ns

1.2 ohm

3 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRFR020

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

YES

42 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

50 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

60 A

9.5 mJ

15 A

2

SMALL OUTLINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

42 W

150 Cel

SILICON

.1 ohm

15 A

SINGLE

R-PSSO-G2

Not Qualified

IRFS330

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

400 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

1 ohm

3.8 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-G3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFS640A

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

NO

43 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

200 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

39 A

256 mJ

9.8 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

.18 ohm

9.8 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFP222

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

40 W

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

4 A

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

4 A

IRFR9120-T1

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

100 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

24 A

370 mJ

2

SMALL OUTLINE

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

42 W

150 Cel

SILICON

79 ns

48 ns

.6 ohm

5.9 A

SINGLE

R-PSSO-G2

Not Qualified

IRFR9211

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

YES

25 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

150 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

2 A

2

SMALL OUTLINE

Other Transistors

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

150 Cel

SILICON

3 ohm

2 A

SINGLE

R-PSSO-G2

Not Qualified

IRFR012

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE

YES

25 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

50 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

27 A

1.4 mJ

6.7 A

2

SMALL OUTLINE

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

25 W

150 Cel

SILICON

67 ns

53 ns

TIN LEAD

.3 ohm

6.7 A

SINGLE

R-PSSO-G2

Not Qualified

e0

IRLS621

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

150 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

1.2 ohm

3.3 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

LOGIC LEVEL COMPATIBLE

TO-220AB

IRFS353

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

350 V

GULL WING

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

.4 ohm

9 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-G3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

IRFS9621

Samsung

P-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

150 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

1.5 ohm

3.5 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRFS840

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

40 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

500 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

32 A

161 mJ

4.5 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

40 W

150 Cel

SILICON

56 ns

104 ns

.85 ohm

4.6 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

TO-220AB

IRLSZ24

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

60 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

3

FLANGE MOUNT

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

SILICON

.15 ohm

10.3 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

LOGIC LEVEL COMPATIBLE

TO-220AB

IRFP241

Samsung

N-CHANNEL

SINGLE

NO

150 W

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SWITCHING

150 V

THROUGH-HOLE

RECTANGULAR

ENHANCEMENT MODE

1

72 A

580 mJ

19 A

3

FLANGE MOUNT

FET General Purpose Power

METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

125 W

150 Cel

SILICON

90 ns

140 ns

.18 ohm

18 A

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

Not Qualified

Power Field Effect Transistors (FET)

Power Field Effect Transistors (FET) are electronic devices used in power electronics to control and switch high current and voltage levels. They are commonly used in applications such as motor drives, power supplies, and switching regulators.

The Power FET is a three-terminal device that works by controlling the flow of majority charge carriers (electrons or holes) between the source and drain regions through a gate electrode. The gate electrode is insulated from the channel region by a thin oxide layer, which can be controlled by applying a voltage to the gate terminal. When a voltage is applied to the gate electrode, it creates an electric field that modifies the conductivity of the channel, allowing current to flow between the source and drain.

Power FETs are designed to handle high current and voltage levels, and have a low on-resistance and high switching speed. They are typically used in applications that require efficient and precise control of power, such as motor drives and power supplies.

Power FETs are available in various types and configurations, including N-channel and P-channel FETs, and can handle power levels ranging from a few watts to several kilowatts. They are subject to various standards and regulations, such as UL (Underwriters Laboratories) and CE (Conformité Européenne), to ensure their safety and performance.