INDUSTRIAL Other Function Telecom Interface ICs 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Telecom IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	No. of Channels	Technology	Screening Level	No. of Transceivers	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Data Rate	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Carrier Type-2	Carrier Type-1	Width	Qualification	Additional Features	Maximum Analog Input	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length
TLK6201EARGTRG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					.067 mA	3.3 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC16,.12SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD	6250 Mbps	S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm			3 mm	Not Qualified			e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	3 mm
TPS657052YZHT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	16	VFBGA	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						3.6 V		GRID ARRAY, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu)	BOTTOM		S-XBGA-B16	1	.625 mm			2.3 mm	Not Qualified			e1	NOT SPECIFIED	260	2.3 mm
ADS58J89IRGCR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	64	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						1.8 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	5000 Mbps	S-PQCC-N64	3	1 mm			9 mm			2 V	e4	30	260	9 mm
TPS9111IPW	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	28	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						4 V		SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.65 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G28		1.2 mm			4.4 mm					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.7 mm
TLK4201EARGTTG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					.038 mA	3.3 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC16,.12SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm			3 mm	Not Qualified			e4	30	260	3 mm
TNETS2020AFN	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	J BEND	44	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					220 mA	5 V	5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC44,.7SQ	Other Telecom ICs	1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-J44			T-3(DS3)	STS-1/OC-1		Not Qualified				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
TLK100PHP	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	48	HTFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1				1		3.3 V	1.1,1.8,3.3	FLATPACK, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	TQFP48,.35SQ	Network Interfaces	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD	100 Mbps	S-PQFP-G48	3	1.2 mm			7 mm	Not Qualified			e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	7 mm
LMX5252LQ/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	36	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			.055 mA	2.75 V	2.75	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC36,.25SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N36	3	.8 mm			6 mm	Not Qualified			e3	30	260	6 mm
LMX5251SQX/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			.078 mA	3.3 V	3/3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC48,.28SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N48	3	.8 mm			7 mm	Not Qualified			e3	30	260	7 mm
WL1831GYFVR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	130	VFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1								GRID ARRAY, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA130,11X12,16		.4 mm	105 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM		R-PBGA-B130	1	.575 mm			4.64 mm				e1	30	260	4.93 mm
RF-HDT-SJLE-G1	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD		DIE	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1								UNCASED CHIP				85 Cel	-40 Cel		UPPER		X-XUUC-N
TRF37C32IRTVR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	2					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	.8 mm			5 mm		RF frequency(Min)(MHz) is 1700; RF frequency(Max)(MHz) is 3800		e4	30	260	5 mm
CC1021-STB1	Texas Instruments		INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	QCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			CMOS				3 V	3	CHIP CARRIER	LCC32,.27SQ,25	Other Telecom ICs	.635 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-N32						Not Qualified
TCA5013ENG	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	48	VFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1								GRID ARRAY, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		BOTTOM		S-PBGA-B48		.94 mm			5 mm							5 mm
TPS65721RSNR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.4 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	.8 mm			4 mm	Not Qualified			e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	4 mm
ONET8501VRGPRG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	20	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					90 mA	3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD	11300 Mbps	S-PQCC-N20	3	1 mm			4 mm	Not Qualified			e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	4 mm
PCC2510F32RSPR	Texas Instruments		INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	36	QCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			CMOS					2.5/3.3	CHIP CARRIER	LCC36,.25SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-N36						Not Qualified
CC2420/TR	Texas Instruments		INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	QCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			CMOS					1.8,1.8/3.3	CHIP CARRIER	LCC48,.27SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-N48						Not Qualified
ONET8501PBRGTT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	100 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD	11300 Mbps	S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm			3 mm	Not Qualified			e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	3 mm
CC2430F64RTCR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS				3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	.25 Mbps	S-XQCC-N48	3	.9 mm			7 mm	Not Qualified			e4	30	260	7 mm
LMV248LQX	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		BIPOLAR				2.8 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N16		.8 mm			4 mm							4 mm
PCM3793RHBRG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS				3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	1 mm			5 mm	Not Qualified			e4	30	260	5 mm
RF-HDT-SNLE-G1	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD		DIE	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1								UNCASED CHIP				85 Cel	-40 Cel		UPPER		X-XUUC-N
LMX5453SM/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	60	LFBGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS				2.75 V		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.8 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	12 Mbps	R-PBGA-B60	4	1.3 mm			6 mm				e1	30	260	9 mm
PCM3793RHBTG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS				3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	1 mm			5 mm	Not Qualified			e4	30	260	5 mm
ADC32RF83IRRHR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	72	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						1.15 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC72,.39SQ,20		.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	12500 Mbps	S-XQCC-N72	3	.9 mm			10 mm				e4	30	260	10 mm
TLK1521IPAP	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	64	HTFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		TTL				2.5 V	2.5	FLATPACK, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	TQFP64,.47SQ	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQFP-G64	3	1.2 mm			10 mm	Not Qualified			e4	30	260	10 mm
ISO150AUG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	12	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2		BICMOS				5 V		SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G12	3	2.65 mm			7.5 mm	Not Qualified			e4	30	260	17.9 mm
TLK4211EARGTR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					.038 mA	3.3 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC16,.12SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-N16		1 mm			3 mm	Not Qualified				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	3 mm
LMX8410RGZR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	QUAD		S-PQCC-N48	3	1 mm			7 mm				e4	30	260	7 mm
RI-R6C-001A-01	Texas Instruments		INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			CMOS			19 mA	5 V	5	SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH	SSOP20(UNSPEC)	Other Telecom ICs		85 Cel	-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G20						Not Qualified
RI-TRP-W9WK	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL				RECTANGULAR			1												85 Cel	-40 Cel				R-XXSS-X
LMV248LQ	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		BIPOLAR				2.8 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N16		.8 mm			4 mm							4 mm
TPS65721RSNT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.4 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	.8 mm			4 mm	Not Qualified			e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	4 mm
LMH0024MAE	Texas Instruments		INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			BICMOS			77 mA	3.3 V	3.3	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.25	Other Telecom ICs	1.27 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G16	1					Not Qualified			e0	20	235
RF-HDT-AJLE-G1	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD		DIE	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1								UNCASED CHIP				85 Cel	-40 Cel		UPPER		X-XUUC-N
GC3021A-PQ	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	160	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS			.15 mA	3.3 V	3.3	FLATPACK	QFP160,1.2SQ	Other Telecom ICs	.65 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQFP-G160	3	4.07 mm			28 mm	Not Qualified			e4	20	220	28 mm
XCC2640R2FTWRGZTQ1	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			AEC-Q100			3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	105 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-N48		1 mm			7 mm							7 mm
CC8531RHAR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	40	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC40,.24SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD	5 Mbps	S-PQCC-N40	3	1 mm			6 mm	Not Qualified			e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	6 mm
PCM3794RHBT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS				3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	1 mm			5 mm	Not Qualified			e4	30	260	5 mm
ONET4291TY	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	10	DIE	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					25 mA	3.3 V	3.3	UNCASED CHIP	DIE OR CHIP	Other Telecom ICs		85 Cel	-40 Cel		UPPER	4250 Mbps	R-XUUC-N10						Not Qualified	Data rate is 4.25 Gbps			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
TLK4015AIZPV	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	289	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						2.5 V	2.5	GRID ARRAY	BGA289,17X17,40	Other Telecom ICs	1 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM		S-PBGA-B289	3	2 mm			19 mm	Not Qualified			e1	30	260	19 mm
TPS9111Y	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	28	DIE	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						4 V		UNCASED CHIP				85 Cel	-40 Cel		UPPER		X-XUUC-N28						Not Qualified
ONET4291TAYS	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	10	DIE	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					.025 mA	3.3 V	3.3	UNCASED CHIP	DIE OR CHIP	Other Telecom ICs		85 Cel	-40 Cel		UPPER		R-XUUC-N10						Not Qualified				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
TPS65720YFFT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	25	VFBGA	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						3.6 V		GRID ARRAY, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.4 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu)	BOTTOM		S-XBGA-B25	1	.625 mm			2.3 mm	Not Qualified			e1	NOT SPECIFIED	260	2.3 mm
GC4116-PB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	160	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		CMOS				2.5 V		GRID ARRAY			1 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM		S-PBGA-B160	3	2.05 mm			15 mm	Not Qualified			e0	20	220	15 mm
PCM3793RHB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32		1 mm			5 mm	Not Qualified			e4			5 mm
TRF2432IRTQT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					.125 mA	3.3 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC56,.31SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-PQCC-N56	3	1 mm			8 mm	Not Qualified			e3	30	260	8 mm

Other Function Telecom Interface ICs

Other Function Telecom Interface ICs are electronic components used in telecommunications systems to provide specialized functionality beyond basic data transmission. These ICs are designed to perform a range of functions such as signal processing, protocol conversion, and power management. They are used in a wide range of telecommunications applications, including wired and wireless communication systems, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) systems, and telephone networks.

Some common types of Other Function Telecom Interface ICs include:

1. Codec ICs: These ICs are used to encode and decode audio signals for high-quality voice communication over telecommunication networks. They provide a range of features such as noise reduction, echo cancellation, and voice activation.

2. Power management ICs: These ICs are used to manage the power supply and battery life of telecommunication devices. They regulate voltage and current to ensure efficient operation and prevent damage to the device.

3. Signal conditioning ICs: These ICs are used to enhance the quality of signals transmitted over telecommunication networks. They can filter out noise and interference, amplify signals, and correct distortions in the signal.

4. Switching ICs: These ICs are used to switch between different communication channels and protocols, enabling communication between different devices and networks.