INDUSTRIAL Other Function Telecom Interface ICs 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Telecom IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	Output Code	No. of Channels	Technology	Nominal Negative Supply Voltage	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Input Code	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Resolution (um)	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Data Rate	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Input Type	Additional Features	Maximum Analog Input	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length
ONET8501VRGPR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	20	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					90 mA	3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD	11300 Mbps	S-PQCC-N20	3	1 mm	4 mm	Not Qualified				e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	4 mm
TPS657051YZHR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	16	VFBGA	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						3.6 V			GRID ARRAY, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM		S-XBGA-B16	1	.625 mm	2.3 mm	Not Qualified				e1	30	260	2.3 mm
TLK4015IGPV	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	289	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						2.5 V		2.5	GRID ARRAY	BGA289,17X17,40	Other Telecom ICs	1 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM		S-PBGA-B289	3	2 mm	19 mm	Not Qualified				e0	20	220	19 mm
TLC320AD545IPT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	48	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	TWOS COMPLEMENT	1				3.3 V	TWOS COMPLEMENT	3.3/5	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP48,.35SQ,20	Codecs	.5 mm	85 Cel	16	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQFP-G48	1	1.6 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified	DIFFERENTIAL		3 V	e4	30	260	7 mm
TCM4300IPZ	Texas Instruments		INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	100	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES									3.3/5	FLATPACK	QFP100,.63SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQFP-G100				Not Qualified
TPS9104IPT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	48	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					1 mA	4 V		4	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP48,.35SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQFP-G48		1.6 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	7 mm
PCM3794ARHB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			CMOS			3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	1 mm	5 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	5 mm
RI-TMS3705ADR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V			SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G16	3	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified				e4			9.9 mm
CC2430F128RTC	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1			CMOS			3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	.25 Mbps	S-XQCC-N48	3	.9 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	7 mm
TPS9111IPWR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	28	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						4 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G28		1.2 mm	4.4 mm						NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.7 mm
RF430CL330HIRGTR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	.848 Mbps	S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm	3 mm					e4	30	260	3 mm
TLK1521PAP	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	64	HTFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						2.5 V			FLATPACK, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQFP-G64		1.2 mm	10 mm	Not Qualified							10 mm
ONET8501PRGTR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	100 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	QUAD	11300 Mbps	S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified				e4	NOT SPECIFIED	260	3 mm
TLK1501AIRCP	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	64	HVFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						2.5 V			FLATPACK, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQFP-G64	3	1 mm	10 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	10 mm
ISO150AU-1	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2			BICMOS			5 V			SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G8		2.65 mm	7.5 mm	Not Qualified							17.9 mm
TLK4201EARGTRG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					.038 mA	3.3 V		3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC16,.12SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	3 mm
CLC016AJQ	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	J BEND	28	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			CMOS	-5.2 V		5 V			CHIP CARRIER			1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-J28		4.57 mm	11.43 mm								11.43 mm
SN74AVC6T622RGYR4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	20	HVQCCN	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						1.5 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		R-PQCC-N20	2	1 mm	3.5 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	4.5 mm
CC2400/TR	Texas Instruments		INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	QCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES				CMOS					1.8,1.8/3.3	CHIP CARRIER	LCC48,.27SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQCC-N48				Not Qualified
UCC2752DTR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	LSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			BICMOS		.003 mA	12 V		12	SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE	SOP16,.25	Telephone Circuits	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G16	1	1.65 mm	3.8989 mm	Not Qualified				e0			9.9 mm
GC4016-PB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	160	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			CMOS			2.5 V			GRID ARRAY			1 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM		S-PBGA-B160	3	1.75 mm	15 mm	Not Qualified				e0	20	220	15 mm
ISO150AUE4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	12	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2			BICMOS			5 V			SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G12	3	2.65 mm	7.5 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	17.9 mm
TNETA1630DW	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	THROUGH-HOLE	20	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1					50 mA	5 V			IN-LINE				85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDIP-T20				Not Qualified
DS100BR111ASQ	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						2.5 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N24		.8 mm	4 mm								4 mm
UCC2751DG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			BICMOS		.003 mA	12 V		12	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP16,.25	Telephone Circuits	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G16		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.9 mm
ADS58J63IRMPR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	72	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						1.9 V		1.9,3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC72,.39SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	10000 Mbps	S-XQCC-N72	3	.9 mm	10 mm	Not Qualified			2 V	e4	30	260	10 mm
TNETA1555DW	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	24	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			BIPOLAR		150 mA	5 V		5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP24,.4	ATM/SONET/SDH ICs	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G24				Not Qualified					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
PCM3794RHBRG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			CMOS			3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	1 mm	5 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	5 mm
LM1893N	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	THROUGH-HOLE	18	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1			BIPOLAR			18 V			IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDIP-T18		5.08 mm	7.62 mm								21.78 mm
TLK4015IZPV	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	289	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						2.5 V		2.5	GRID ARRAY	BGA289,17X17,40	Other Telecom ICs	1 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM		S-PBGA-B289	3	2 mm	19 mm	Not Qualified				e1	30	260	19 mm
TLK3134ZEL	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	289	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			CMOS			1.2 V		1.2,1.5,2.5	GRID ARRAY	BGA289,17X17,40	Other Telecom ICs	1 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	3750 Mbps	S-PBGA-B289	4	2.48 mm	19 mm	Not Qualified				e1	30	260	19 mm
TLK1521IPAPG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	64	HTFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			TTL			2.5 V		2.5	FLATPACK, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	TQFP64,.47SQ	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQFP-G64	3	1.2 mm	10 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	10 mm
TRF37B32IRTVT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1		2				3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)	QUAD		S-PQCC-N32	2	.8 mm	5 mm			RF frequency(Min)(MHz) is 700; RF frequency(Max)(MHz) is 2700		e4	30	260	5 mm
RF430CL330HCPWR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V		3.3	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP14,.25	Other Telecom ICs	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	.848 Mbps	R-PDSO-G14	2	1.2 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	5 mm
TPS9110IPW	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	28	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						4 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G28		1.2 mm	4.4 mm						NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.7 mm
RI-TRP-WFOB-30	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED			UNSPECIFIED	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1									SPECIAL SHAPE				85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	UNSPECIFIED		X-PXSS-X								e1
SN74AVC6T622PWRG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						1.5 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G20	1	1.2 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	6.5 mm
ONET2591TAY	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	11	DIE	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					20 mA	3.3 V		3.3	UNCASED CHIP	DIE OR CHIP	Other Telecom ICs		85 Cel		-40 Cel		UPPER	2500 Mbps	R-XUUC-N11				Not Qualified		Data rate is 2.5 Gbps			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
ISO150AU/1KG4	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	12	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2			BICMOS			5 V			SMALL OUTLINE			1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL		R-PDSO-G12	3	2.65 mm	7.5 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	17.9 mm
LMV1099TL/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	25	VFBGA	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1						3.6 V			GRID ARRAY, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM		S-XBGA-B25	1	.675 mm	2.64 mm					e1	30	260	2.764 mm
ONET8501PRGTTG4	Texas Instruments	SUPPORT CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	100 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	3 mm
CLC018AJVJQ	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	64	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1			BICMOS	-5 V		5 V			FLATPACK			.8 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD		S-PQFP-G64		2.45 mm	14 mm								14 mm
ADC32RF82IRMPT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	72	VQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						1.15 V			CHIP CARRIER, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	12500 Mbps	S-PQCC-N72	3	1 mm	10 mm					e4	30	260	10 mm
CC2480A1RTC	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	.25 Mbps	S-PQCC-N48	3	.9 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified				e4	30	260	7 mm
ISO518P	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	THROUGH-HOLE	24	DIP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	1						5 V			IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDIP-T24		6.35 mm	15.24 mm	Not Qualified					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30.99 mm
ISO508P-U	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	24	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V			SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G24		6.35 mm	13.525 mm	Not Qualified					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30.99 mm
ISO518P-U	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	24	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						5 V			SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL		R-PDSO-G24		6.35 mm	13.525 mm	Not Qualified					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	30.99 mm
PGA5807RGCR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	64	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1						3.3 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N64	3	1 mm	9 mm					e4	30	260	9 mm

Other Function Telecom Interface ICs

Other Function Telecom Interface ICs are electronic components used in telecommunications systems to provide specialized functionality beyond basic data transmission. These ICs are designed to perform a range of functions such as signal processing, protocol conversion, and power management. They are used in a wide range of telecommunications applications, including wired and wireless communication systems, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) systems, and telephone networks.

Some common types of Other Function Telecom Interface ICs include:

1. Codec ICs: These ICs are used to encode and decode audio signals for high-quality voice communication over telecommunication networks. They provide a range of features such as noise reduction, echo cancellation, and voice activation.

2. Power management ICs: These ICs are used to manage the power supply and battery life of telecommunication devices. They regulate voltage and current to ensure efficient operation and prevent damage to the device.

3. Signal conditioning ICs: These ICs are used to enhance the quality of signals transmitted over telecommunication networks. They can filter out noise and interference, amplify signals, and correct distortions in the signal.

4. Switching ICs: These ICs are used to switch between different communication channels and protocols, enabling communication between different devices and networks.