Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Programmable IC Type Grading Of Temperature Form Of Terminal No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material No. of Logic Cells Surface Mount Maximum Supply Voltage No. of CLBs Technology Used Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Equivalent Gates Nominal Supply Voltage (V) Packing Method Power Supplies (V) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Minimum Supply Voltage Pitch Of Terminal Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum Combinatorial Delay of a CLB Organization Minimum Operating Temperature Finishing Of Terminal Used Position Of Terminal JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Clock Frequency Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length

XCE7VX330T-1FFG1157I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1157

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

326400

Yes

1.03 V

25500

HKMG

600

1

Grid Array

.97 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.74 ns

25500 CLBS

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1157

4

3.35 mm

35 mm

e1

30 s

600

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

XC4VFX100-11XFF1152C

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1152

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

94896

Yes

CMOS

576

1.2,1.2/3.3,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA1152,34X34,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1 mm

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1152

4

No

e0

1205 MHz

30 s

576

225 °C (437 °F)

XC3195A-2PP175I

Xilinx

FPGA

Pin/Peg

175

HPGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

484

No

5.5 V

484

CMOS

144

6500

5

5 V

Grid Array, Heat Sink/Slug

PGA175,16X16

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

2.54 mm

2.2 ns

484 CLBS, 6500 Gates

Perpendicular

S-PPGA-P175

1

4.191 mm

42.164 mm

No

Max usable 7500 Logic gates

323 MHz

144

42.164 mm

XC7A50T-L1CSG324E

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

324

LFBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

52160

Yes

.98 V

4075

250

0.95

Grid Array, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

BGA324,18X18,32

.92 V

.8 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

1.27 ns

4075 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B324

3

1.5 mm

15 mm

e1

1098 MHz

30 s

250

260 °C (500 °F)

15 mm

XC3S500E-5PQG208C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

208

FQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

10476

Yes

1.26 V

1164

CMOS

158

500000

1.2

1.2,1.2/3.3,2.5 V

Flatpack, Fine Pitch

QFP208,1.2SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.66 ns

1164 CLBS, 500000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G208

3

4.1 mm

28 mm

No

e3

657 MHz

30 s

126

245 °C (473 °F)

28 mm

XC7V2000T-3FLG1925I

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Silver Copper

e1

XCV100-5PQ240I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

240

FQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2700

Yes

2.625 V

600

CMOS

166

108904

2.5

1.5/3.3,2.5 V

Flatpack, Fine Pitch

QFP240,1.3SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

2.375 V

.5 mm

0.7 ns

600 CLBS, 108904 Gates

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

3

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

e0

294 MHz

30 s

166

225 °C (437 °F)

32 mm

XC4013E-2HQG240C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

240

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

5.25 V

576

CMOS

10000

5

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.6 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

3

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

Max usable 13000 Logic gates

e3

125 MHz

32 mm

XC4VFX20-11FFG672I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

672

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

19224

Yes

1.26 V

2136

CMOS

320

1.2

Grid Array

BGA672,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

1 mm

2136 CLBS

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B672

4

3 mm

27 mm

No

e1

1181 MHz

30 s

320

250 °C (482 °F)

27 mm

XC7VX690T-2FFG1927E

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Silver Copper

4

e1

XC4020E-1HQ208C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

208

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

784

Yes

5.25 V

784

CMOS

224

13000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

HQFP208,1.2SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.3 ns

784 CLBS, 13000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G208

3

4.1 mm

28 mm

No

Max usable 20000 Logic gates

e0

166 MHz

30 s

224

225 °C (437 °F)

28 mm

XC7VH580T-G2FLG1155E

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1155

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.03 V

45350

1

Grid Array

.97 V

0.61 ns

45350 CLBS

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1155

e1

XC3030-125PG84CSPC0107

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Pin/Peg

84

PGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

No

5.25 V

100

CMOS

1500

5

Grid Array

4.75 V

2.54 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

5.5 ns

100 CLBS, 1500 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Matte Tin

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P84

4.318 mm

27.94 mm

No

360 flip-flops; typical gates = 1500-2000

e3

125 MHz

27.94 mm

5962-9957401QXX

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Ball

560

BGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

Yes

2.625 V

CMOS

1124022

2.5

Grid Array

2.375 V

1.27 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

1124022 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Bottom

S-CBGA-B560

5.35 mm

42.5 mm

No

42.5 mm

XC3190A-2PPG175C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Pin/Peg

175

HPGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

No

5.25 V

320

CMOS

5000

5

Grid Array, Heat Sink/Slug

4.75 V

2.54 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

2.2 ns

320 CLBS, 5000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Matte Tin

Perpendicular

S-PPGA-P175

4.191 mm

42.164 mm

No

Max usable 6000 Logic gates

e3

323 MHz

42.164 mm

XC3S4000-4CPG132C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

132

TFBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.26 V

192

50000

1.2

Grid Array, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch

1.14 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

192 CLBS, 50000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B132

1.1 mm

8 mm

No

8 mm

5962-9851301NTC

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Gull Wing

240

FQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

576

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class N

10000

3.3

Flatpack, Fine Pitch

3 V

.5 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

1.6 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Gold

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

Maximum usable gates 30000

e4

166 MHz

32 mm

XQ6SLX150T-2FG484C

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin/Lead (Sn63Pb37)

3

e0

30 s

225 °C (437 °F)

XQ6SLX150T-3FGG484C

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Silver Copper

3

e1

250 °C (482 °F)

XCV600E-7BGG432C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

432

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

15552

Yes

1.89 V

3456

CMOS

316

186624

1.8

1.2/3.6,1.8 V

Grid Array, Low Profile

BGA432,31X31,50

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.71 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.42 ns

3456 CLBS, 186624 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B432

3

1.7 mm

40 mm

No

e1

400 MHz

30 s

316

260 °C (500 °F)

40 mm

XCE7K420T-3FFV1156E

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1156

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

416960

Yes

1.03 V

32575

HKMG

400

1

Grid Array

.97 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.58 ns

32575 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1156

4

3.35 mm

35 mm

e1

30 s

400

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

XC2V1500-4BGG575I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

575

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

17280

Yes

1.575 V

1920

CMOS

392

1500000

1.5

1.5,1.5/3.3,3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA575,24X24,50

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.425 V

1.27 mm

0.44 ns

1920 CLBS, 1500000 Gates

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B575

2.6 mm

31 mm

No

e1

650 MHz

392

31 mm

XC7K325T-L2FBG900I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

900

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

.97 V

25475

.95

Grid Array

.93 V

1 mm

0.61 ns

25475 CLBS

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B900

4

2.54 mm

31 mm

e1

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

31 mm

XCVU125-H1FLVB1760C

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Silver Copper

4

e1

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

XA6SLX25-3FG256I

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Lead

3

e0

XCV1600E-6FGG860I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

860

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

34992

Yes

1.89 V

7776

CMOS

660

419904

1.8

1.2/3.6,1.8 V

Grid Array

BGA860,42X42,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.71 V

1 mm

0.47 ns

7776 CLBS, 419904 Gates

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B860

3

2.2 mm

42.5 mm

No

e1

357 MHz

30 s

660

245 °C (473 °F)

42.5 mm

XC7A75T-3CSG325E

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

325

LFBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

75520

Yes

1.05 V

5900

300

1

Grid Array, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

BGA325,18X18,32

.95 V

.8 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.94 ns

5900 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B325

3

1.5 mm

15 mm

e1

1412 MHz

30 s

300

260 °C (500 °F)

15 mm

XC4062XL-3HQ304C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

304

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2304

Yes

3.6 V

2304

CMOS

384

40000

3.3

3.3 V

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

HQFP304,1.7SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.6 ns

2304 CLBS, 40000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G304

3

4.5 mm

40 mm

No

Max usable 62000 Logic gates

e0

166 MHz

30 s

384

225 °C (437 °F)

40 mm

XC5VLX50-1FFV1153I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Ball

1153

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

46080

Yes

1.05 V

3600

560

1

Grid Array

BGA1153,34X34,40

.95 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.9 ns

3600 CLBS

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1153

4

3.4 mm

35 mm

e1

30 s

560

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

5962-9851101NTC

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Gull Wing

240

FQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

2304

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class N

40000

3.3

Flatpack, Fine Pitch

3 V

.5 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

1.6 ns

2304 CLBS, 40000 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Gold

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

Maximum usable gates 130000

e4

166 MHz

32 mm

XC4025E-1HQ304I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

304

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1024

Yes

5.5 V

784

CMOS

256

13000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

HQFP304,1.7SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

.5 mm

784 CLBS, 13000 Gates

Tin Lead

Quad

S-PQFP-G304

3

4.5 mm

40 mm

No

e0

166 MHz

30 s

256

225 °C (437 °F)

40 mm

XC4VLX200-10FFG1513CS2

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1513

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

200448

Yes

CMOS

960

1.2,1.2/3.3,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA1513,39X39,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1 mm

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1513

4

No

e1

1028 MHz

30 s

960

245 °C (473 °F)

XC6SLX4-3CSG225I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Ball

225

LFBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

3840

Yes

1.26 V

300

CMOS

132

1.2

1.2,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

BGA225,15X15,32

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

.8 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.21 ns

300 CLBS

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B225

3

1.4 mm

13 mm

No

e1

862 MHz

30 s

132

260 °C (500 °F)

13 mm

XC5215-5PQG299I

Xilinx

FPGA

Pin/Peg

299

PGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

No

5.5 V

484

15000

5

Grid Array

4.5 V

2.54 mm

4.6 ns

484 CLBS, 15000 Gates

Matte Tin

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P299

4.2418 mm

52.324 mm

No

23000 Logic gates can also be used

e3

42 MHz

52.324 mm

XC3190A-5CB164B

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Flat

164

GQFF

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

320

Yes

320

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

142

5000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Guard Ring

TAPEPAK,164P,.025

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.65 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

4.1 ns

320 CLBS, 5000 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Tin Lead

Quad

S-CQFP-F164

3.302 mm

28.702 mm

No

Typical gates = 5000-6000

e0

188 MHz

142

28.702 mm

XA2S50E-6TQ144I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

144

QFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1728

Yes

1.89 V

384

CMOS

AEC-Q100

102

1.8

1.2/3.6,1.8 V

Flatpack

QFP144,.87SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.71 V

.5 mm

384 CLBS

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

No

e0

357 MHz

30 s

102

225 °C (437 °F)

XC4085XLA-9BG352C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

352

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

3136

CMOS

55000

3.3

Grid Array, Low Profile

3 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.1 ns

3136 CLBS, 55000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B352

3

1.7 mm

35 mm

No

e0

227 MHz

35 mm

XC5210-3TQ144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

324

Yes

5.25 V

324

CMOS

196

10000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

QFP144,.87SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

3 ns

324 CLBS, 10000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

No

MAX available 16000 Logic gates

e0

83 MHz

30 s

196

225 °C (437 °F)

20 mm

XCS10XL-5VQ100C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

100

TFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

196

Yes

3.6 V

196

CMOS

112

3000

3.3

3.3 V

Flatpack, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch

TQFP100,.63SQ

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1 ns

196 CLBS, 3000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead

Quad

S-PQFP-G100

3

1.2 mm

14 mm

No

MAXIMUM usable gates 10000

e0

250 MHz

30 s

112

240 °C (464 °F)

14 mm

XC8103-3PC44C

Xilinx

FPGA

Commercial

J Bend

44

QCCJ

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

5.25 V

1024

CMOS

3000

5

Chip Carrier

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

1024 CLBS, 3000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Quad

S-PQCC-J44

4.572 mm

16.5862 mm

No

512 flip-flops; 3.3 V operation; OTP based

16.5862 mm

XC2V80-4CSG144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

144

TFBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1152

Yes

1.575 V

128

CMOS

92

80000

1.5

1.5,1.5/3.3,3.3 V

Grid Array, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch

BGA144,13X13,32

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.425 V

.8 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.44 ns

128 CLBS, 80000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B144

3

1.2 mm

12 mm

No

e1

650 MHz

30 s

92

260 °C (500 °F)

12 mm

XC4044XL-3HQG304C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

304

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

1600

CMOS

27000

3.3

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

3 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.6 ns

1600 CLBS, 27000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Quad

S-PQFP-G304

4.5 mm

40 mm

No

Max usable 44000 Logic gates

166 MHz

40 mm

XCV300-4FG680C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

680

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.625 V

1536

CMOS

322970

2.5

Grid Array

2.375 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.6 ns

1536 CLBS, 322970 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B680

3

1.9 mm

40 mm

No

e0

40 mm

XQ6VSX475T-1LFFG1156C

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5)

4

e1

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

XQ6VLX550T-L1RF1759I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1759

BGA

Square

Plastic

550000

Yes

CMOS

840

.9

0.9 V

Grid Array

BGA1759,42X42,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1 mm

Tin/Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1759

4

No

e0

1098 MHz

840

XC5VLX50-3FFV676C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

676

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

46080

Yes

1.05 V

3600

440

1

Grid Array

BGA676,26X26,40

.95 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.67 ns

3600 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B676

4

3 mm

27 mm

e1

30 s

440

250 °C (482 °F)

27 mm

XC4013D-5PQ160I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Gull Wing

160

QFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

576

Yes

5.5 V

576

CMOS

192

10000

5

5 V

Flatpack

QFP160,1.2SQ

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

.65 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4.5 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Quad

S-PQFP-G160

3

3.92 mm

28 mm

No

1536 flip-flops; typical gates = 10000-13000

e0

133.3 MHz

30 s

192

225 °C (437 °F)

28 mm

XC4VLX40-10FF668I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

668

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

41472

Yes

1.26 V

4608

CMOS

448

1.2

Grid Array

BGA668,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

1 mm

4608 CLBS

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B668

4

2.85 mm

27 mm

No

e0

1028 MHz

30 s

448

225 °C (437 °F)

27 mm

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are digital integrated circuits that are programmable by the user to perform specific logic functions. They consist of a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) that can be programmed to perform any digital function, as well as programmable interconnects that allow these blocks to be connected in any way the designer wishes. This makes FPGAs highly versatile and customizable, and they are often used in applications where a high degree of flexibility and performance is required.

FPGAs are programmed using specialized software tools that allow the designer to specify the logic functions and interconnects that are required for a particular application. This process is known as synthesis and involves translating the high-level design into a format that can be implemented on the FPGA hardware. The resulting configuration data is then loaded onto the FPGA, allowing it to perform the desired logic functions.

FPGAs are used in a wide range of applications, including digital signal processing, computer networking, and high-performance computing. They offer a number of advantages over traditional fixed-function digital circuits, including the ability to be reprogrammed in the field, lower development costs, and faster time-to-market. However, they also have some disadvantages, including higher power consumption and lower performance compared to custom-designed digital circuits.