Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Programmable IC Type Grading Of Temperature Form Of Terminal No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material No. of Logic Cells Surface Mount Maximum Supply Voltage No. of CLBs Technology Used Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Equivalent Gates Nominal Supply Voltage (V) Packing Method Power Supplies (V) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Minimum Supply Voltage Pitch Of Terminal Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum Combinatorial Delay of a CLB Organization Minimum Operating Temperature Finishing Of Terminal Used Position Of Terminal JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Clock Frequency Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length

XC5VLX50-2FFG1153I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Ball

1153

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

46080

Yes

1.05 V

3600

560

1

1,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA1153,34X34,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.95 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.77 ns

3600 CLBS

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1153

4

3.4 mm

35 mm

No

e1

30 s

560

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

XC4010XL-09CTQG144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

400

CMOS

7000

3.3

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

3 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.2 ns

400 CLBS, 7000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

No

Max usable 10000 Logic gates

e3

217 MHz

20 mm

XC6VLX195T-1LFF784E

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Lead

e0

XC3164A-5PG132I

Xilinx

FPGA

Pin/Peg

132

PGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

224

No

5.5 V

224

CMOS

110

3500

5

5 V

Grid Array

PGA132,14X14

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

2.54 mm

4.1 ns

224 CLBS, 3500 Gates

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P132

4.318 mm

37.084 mm

No

Typical gates = 3500-4500

188 MHz

110

37.084 mm

XC5215-6HQ240I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

240

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

484

Yes

5.5 V

484

CMOS

244

15000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

HQFP240,1.37SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

.5 mm

5.6 ns

484 CLBS, 15000 Gates

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

3

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

MAX available 23000 Logic gates

e0

83 MHz

30 s

244

225 °C (437 °F)

32 mm

XCKU9P-3FFVE900E

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

900

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

599550

Yes

.927 V

34260

304

0.9

Grid Array

BGA900,30X30,40

.873 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

34260 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B900

4

3.42 mm

31 mm

e1

30 s

304

245 °C (473 °F)

31 mm

XC40110XV-8BG352I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

352

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.7 V

4096

CMOS

75000

2.5

Grid Array, Low Profile

2.3 V

1.27 mm

1.1 ns

4096 CLBS, 75000 Gates

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B352

3

1.7 mm

35 mm

No

e0

217 MHz

35 mm

5962-9230503MZC

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Flat

196

GQFF

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

950

Yes

CMOS

MIL-STD-883

160

5

5 V

Flatpack, Guard Ring

QFL196,1.4SQ,25

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.65 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Gold

Quad

S-CQFP-F196

3.302 mm

28.702 mm

No

e4

77 MHz

160

28.702 mm

XC3S200A-4FT256C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

256

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

4032

Yes

1.26 V

448

CMOS

195

200000

1.2

1.2,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array, Low Profile

BGA256,16X16,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.71 ns

448 CLBS, 200000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

1.55 mm

17 mm

No

e0

667 MHz

30 s

160

225 °C (437 °F)

17 mm

XC4010-10PG191M

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Pin/Peg

191

PGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

No

5.5 V

400

CMOS

8000

5

Grid Array

4.5 V

2.54 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

400 CLBS, 8000 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P191

4.064 mm

47.244 mm

No

1120 flip-flops; typical gates = 8000-10000

47.244 mm

XQ6VSX475T-1LRFG1156C

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Lead

e0

XQ6VSX315T-3FFG1156C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1156

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.05 V

24600

CMOS

1

Grid Array

.95 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.59 ns

24600 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1156

4

3.53 mm

35 mm

e1

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

XCS30XL-4PQ208Q

Xilinx

FPGA

Automotive

Gull Wing

208

FQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

576

Yes

3.6 V

576

CMOS

192

10000

3.3

3.3 V

Flatpack, Fine Pitch

QFP208,1.2SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

.5 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

1.1 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G208

3

4.1 mm

28 mm

No

Maximum usable gates = 30000

e0

217 MHz

30 s

192

225 °C (437 °F)

28 mm

XC7A25T-1FTG256E

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

256

LFBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

23360

Yes

1.05 V

1825

HKMG

150

1

Grid Array, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

BGA256,16X16,40

.95 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

1.27 ns

1825 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

1.55 mm

17 mm

e1

1098 MHz

30 s

150

260 °C (500 °F)

17 mm

XC4028EX-3PG299I

Xilinx

FPGA

Pin/Peg

299

HPGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

1024

No

1024

CMOS

256

18000

5

5 V

Grid Array, Heat Sink/Slug

PGA299,20X20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

2.54 mm

1024 CLBS, 18000 Gates

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P299

4.318 mm

52.324 mm

No

Max usable 28000 Logic gates

166 MHz

256

52.324 mm

XC4028EX-4HQ240C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

240

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1024

Yes

1024

CMOS

256

18000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

HQFP240,1.37SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1024 CLBS, 18000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

3

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

Max usable 28000 Logic gates

e0

143 MHz

30 s

256

225 °C (437 °F)

32 mm

XCV100-6PQ240C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

240

FQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

2700

Yes

2.625 V

600

CMOS

166

108904

2.5

1.5/3.3,2.5 V

Flatpack, Fine Pitch

QFP240,1.3SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

2.375 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.6 ns

600 CLBS, 108904 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

3

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

e0

333 MHz

30 s

166

225 °C (437 °F)

32 mm

XC4VLX160-12FF1148C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1148

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

152064

Yes

1.26 V

16896

CMOS

768

1.2

Grid Array

BGA1148,34X34,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

16896 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1148

4

3.4 mm

35 mm

No

e0

1205 MHz

30 s

768

225 °C (437 °F)

35 mm

XCS20-3TQ144I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

400

Yes

5.5 V

400

CMOS

160

7000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

QFP144,.87SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

.5 mm

1.6 ns

400 CLBS, 7000 Gates

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

No

Maximum usable gates 20000

e0

125 MHz

30 s

160

225 °C (437 °F)

20 mm

XC3042A-6TQ144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

144

Yes

5.25 V

144

CMOS

96

2000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

QFP144,.87SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

4.1 ns

144 CLBS, 2000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

No

Max usable 3000 Logic gates

e0

135 MHz

30 s

96

225 °C (437 °F)

20 mm

XC5202L-3PQ100C

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

100

QFP

Rectangular

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

64

CMOS

2000

3.3

Flatpack

3 V

.65 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

64 CLBS, 2000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Quad

R-PQFP-G100

3

3.4 mm

14 mm

No

Typical gates = 2000-3000

e0

20 mm

XQKU095-2RFB2104I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

2104

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

67200

.95

Grid Array

67200 CLBS

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B2104

e0

XC6SLX150-3NFG900I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Ball

900

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.26 V

1.2

Grid Array

1.14 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B900

3

2.6 mm

31 mm

No

e0

806 MHz

31 mm

XC4013XLA-8BG256I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

576

CMOS

10000

3.3

Grid Array

3 V

1.27 mm

1 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.55 mm

27 mm

No

e0

263 MHz

27 mm

XC2S600E-6FTGG256I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.89 V

864

52000

1.8

Grid Array

1.71 V

1 mm

0.47 ns

864 CLBS, 52000 Gates

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

2 mm

17 mm

No

Maximum usable gates = 150000

e1

357 MHz

17 mm

XC3142A-1TQG144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

5.25 V

144

CMOS

2000

5

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.75 ns

144 CLBS, 2000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

Max usable 3000 Logic gates

e3

323 MHz

30 s

260 °C (500 °F)

20 mm

XC5VSX50T-3FFG665I

Xilinx

Tin Silver Copper

4

e1

30 s

250 °C (482 °F)

XCVU160-3FLGC2104C

Xilinx

FPGA

5962-9471202MZX

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Flat

100

GQFF

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

238

Yes

CMOS

MIL-STD-883

77

5

5 V

Flatpack, Guard Ring

TPAK100,2.6SQ,25

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.65 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Gold

Quad

S-CQFP-F100

3.429 mm

19.05 mm

No

e4

90.9 MHz

77

19.05 mm

5962-8863803MXC

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Pin/Peg

84

PGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

No

MIL-STD-883

Grid Array

2.54 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Gold

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P84

5.207 mm

27.94 mm

No

e4

27.94 mm

XA6SLX9-3CSG324C

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Silver Copper

3

e1

260 °C (500 °F)

XC4013E-1PQG208I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

208

FQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

5.5 V

576

CMOS

10000

5

Flatpack, Fine Pitch

4.5 V

.5 mm

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G208

3

4.1 mm

28 mm

No

e3

166 MHz

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

28 mm

XC6VLX240T-1LFF1156M

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Lead

4

e0

XCE7K410T-1FFV676I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

676

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

406720

Yes

1.03 V

31775

HKMG

400

1

Grid Array

.97 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.74 ns

31775 CLBS

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B676

3.37 mm

27 mm

400

27 mm

XC3195A1PC84C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

J Bend

84

QCCJ

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

484

Yes

5.25 V

484

CMOS

70

6500

5

5 V

Chip Carrier

LDCC84,1.2SQ

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.75 ns

484 CLBS, 6500 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQCC-J84

3

5.08 mm

29.3116 mm

No

Max usable 7500 Logic gates

e0

323 MHz

30 s

70

225 °C (437 °F)

29.3116 mm

XC7A100T-3FFG1156C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1156

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

101440

Yes

1.05 V

7925

300

1

Grid Array

BGA1156,34X34,40

.95 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.94 ns

7925 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1156

4

3.1 mm

35 mm

e1

1412 MHz

30 s

300

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

XC5VFX30T-2FFV665I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Ball

665

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

32768

Yes

1.05 V

2560

CMOS

360

1

Grid Array

BGA665,26X26,40

.95 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.77 ns

2560 CLBS

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B665

4

2.9 mm

27 mm

e1

30 s

360

250 °C (482 °F)

27 mm

XC4VLX25-11FF668I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

668

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

24192

Yes

1.26 V

2688

CMOS

448

1.2

Grid Array

BGA668,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

1 mm

2688 CLBS

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B668

4

2.85 mm

27 mm

No

e0

1205 MHz

30 s

448

225 °C (437 °F)

27 mm

XC7V585T-3FFG1157I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1157

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

91050

Grid Array

1 mm

91050 CLBS

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1157

4

35 mm

No

e1

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

XC2VP50-7FF1517C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1517

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

53136

Yes

1.575 V

5904

CMOS

852

1.5

1.5,1.5/3.3,2/2.5,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA1517,39X39,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.425 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.28 ns

5904 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn63Pb37)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1517

4

3.4 mm

40 mm

No

e0

1350 MHz

30 s

852

225 °C (437 °F)

40 mm

XC2VP2-5FFG672C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

672

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

3168

Yes

1.575 V

352

CMOS

204

1.5

1.5,1.5/3.3,2/2.5,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA672,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.425 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.36 ns

352 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B672

4

2.65 mm

27 mm

No

e1

1050 MHz

30 s

204

250 °C (482 °F)

27 mm

XQ4013XL-3BG256N

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1368

Yes

3.6 V

576

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535

192

10000

3.3

3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA256,20X20,50

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

1.27 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

1.6 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn63Pb37)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.55 mm

27 mm

No

Typical gates = 10000 to 30000

e0

166 MHz

30 s

192

225 °C (437 °F)

27 mm

XCKU115-1FLVA2104C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

2104

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1451100

Yes

.979 V

5520

832

.95

0.95 V

Grid Array

BGA2104,46X46,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.922 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

5520 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B2104

4

4.11 mm

47.5 mm

No

e1

30 s

832

245 °C (473 °F)

47.5 mm

5962-8971303QTA

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Flat

100

QFF

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

Yes

5.5 V

144

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class Q

4200

5

Flatpack

4.5 V

125 °C (257 °F)

7 ns

144 CLBS, 4200 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Quad

S-CQFP-F100

100 MHz

XC6VLX75T-1FFG484C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

74496

Yes

1.05 V

CMOS

240

1

1,1.2/2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA484,22X22,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.95 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

5.08 ns

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

4

3 mm

23 mm

No

e1

1098 MHz

30 s

240

250 °C (482 °F)

23 mm

XC3064-100PP132I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Pin/Peg

132

PGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

224

No

5.5 V

224

CMOS

110

3500

5

5 V

Grid Array

PGA132,14X14

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

2.54 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

7 ns

224 CLBS, 3500 Gates

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Perpendicular

S-PPGA-P132

1

3.7338 mm

37.084 mm

No

688 flip-flops; typical gates = 3500-4500; power-down supplier current = 170 µA

100 MHz

110

37.084 mm

XC6VLX365T-1FF1156I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Ball

1156

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

364032

Yes

1.05 V

CMOS

600

1

1,1.2/2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA1156,34X34,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.95 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

5.08 ns

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1156

4

3.5 mm

35 mm

No

e0

1098 MHz

30 s

600

225 °C (437 °F)

35 mm

XC2S600E-7FGG676C

Xilinx

FPGA

Commercial Extended

Ball

676

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

15552

Yes

1.89 V

864

CMOS

514

52000

1.8

1.2/3.6,1.8 V

Grid Array

BGA676,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.71 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.47 ns

864 CLBS, 52000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B676

3

2.6 mm

27 mm

No

Maximum usable gates = 150000

e1

357 MHz

30 s

514

250 °C (482 °F)

27 mm

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are digital integrated circuits that are programmable by the user to perform specific logic functions. They consist of a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) that can be programmed to perform any digital function, as well as programmable interconnects that allow these blocks to be connected in any way the designer wishes. This makes FPGAs highly versatile and customizable, and they are often used in applications where a high degree of flexibility and performance is required.

FPGAs are programmed using specialized software tools that allow the designer to specify the logic functions and interconnects that are required for a particular application. This process is known as synthesis and involves translating the high-level design into a format that can be implemented on the FPGA hardware. The resulting configuration data is then loaded onto the FPGA, allowing it to perform the desired logic functions.

FPGAs are used in a wide range of applications, including digital signal processing, computer networking, and high-performance computing. They offer a number of advantages over traditional fixed-function digital circuits, including the ability to be reprogrammed in the field, lower development costs, and faster time-to-market. However, they also have some disadvantages, including higher power consumption and lower performance compared to custom-designed digital circuits.