Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) 2,400+

Reset All
Part RoHS Manufacturer Programmable IC Type Grading Of Temperature Form Of Terminal No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material No. of Logic Cells Surface Mount Maximum Supply Voltage No. of CLBs Technology Used Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Equivalent Gates Nominal Supply Voltage (V) Packing Method Power Supplies (V) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Minimum Supply Voltage Pitch Of Terminal Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum Combinatorial Delay of a CLB Organization Minimum Operating Temperature Finishing Of Terminal Used Position Of Terminal JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Clock Frequency Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length

XCKU15P-1LFFVE1760I

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Silver Copper

4

e1

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

XC3164-4PQ160I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Gull Wing

160

QFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

224

Yes

5.5 V

224

CMOS

120

4000

5

5 V

Flatpack

QFP160,1.2SQ

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

.65 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

3.3 ns

224 CLBS, 4000 Gates

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Lead

Quad

S-PQFP-G160

3

3.94 mm

28 mm

No

MAX 120 I/OS; 688 flip-flops; typical gates = 4000 - 5500

e0

230 MHz

30 s

120

225 °C (437 °F)

28 mm

XC4044XLA-08HQ208I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

208

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1600

Yes

3.6 V

1600

CMOS

320

27000

3.3

3.3 V

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

HQFP208,1.2SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

.5 mm

1 ns

1600 CLBS, 27000 Gates

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G208

3

4.1 mm

28 mm

No

Can also use 80000 gates

e0

263 MHz

30 s

320

225 °C (437 °F)

28 mm

XC7V1500T-1LFFG1761E

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Ball

1761

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

229050

Grid Array

1 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

229050 CLBS

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1761

4

42.5 mm

No

e1

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

42.5 mm

XC4052XLA-8HQG304I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

304

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

1936

CMOS

33000

3.3

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

3 V

.5 mm

1 ns

1936 CLBS, 33000 Gates

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G304

4.5 mm

40 mm

No

e3

263 MHz

40 mm

XC4044XL-09BG352C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

352

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1600

Yes

3.6 V

1600

CMOS

320

27000

3.3

3.3 V

Grid Array, Low Profile

BGA352,26X26,50

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.2 ns

1600 CLBS, 27000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn63Pb37)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B352

3

1.7 mm

35 mm

No

Typical gates = 27000-80000

e0

217 MHz

30 s

320

225 °C (437 °F)

35 mm

XC5215L-6HQ304C

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

304

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

484

CMOS

15000

3.3

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

3 V

.5 mm

484 CLBS, 15000 Gates

Quad

S-PQFP-G304

4.5 mm

40 mm

No

Typical gates = 15000-23000

40 mm

XQ6SLX150T-2FG676I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

676

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

147443

Yes

CMOS

396

1.2,1.2/3.3,2.5/3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA676,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1 mm

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B676

3

No

e0

667 MHz

30 s

396

225 °C (437 °F)

XC3064A-7TQ144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

224

Yes

5.25 V

224

CMOS

120

3500

5

5 V

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

QFP144,.87SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

5.1 ns

224 CLBS, 3500 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

No

Max usable 4500 Logic gates

e0

113 MHz

30 s

120

225 °C (437 °F)

20 mm

XC2VP4-5FG672I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

672

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

6768

Yes

CMOS

348

1.5,1.5/3.3,2/2.5,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA672,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1 mm

Bottom

S-PBGA-B672

No

348

XC4036EX-1BG352C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

352

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

5.25 V

1296

CMOS

22000

5

Grid Array, Low Profile

4.75 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1296 CLBS, 22000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B352

1.7 mm

35 mm

No

35 mm

XC5206L-4TQG144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

196

CMOS

6000

3.3

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

3 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

196 CLBS, 6000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

No

Typical gates = 6000-10000

e3

30 s

260 °C (500 °F)

20 mm

XC6VHX255T-1FFG1923C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1923

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

253440

Yes

1.05 V

CMOS

480

1

1,1.2/2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA1923,44X44,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

.95 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

5.08 ns

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1923

4

3.85 mm

45 mm

No

e1

1098 MHz

30 s

480

245 °C (473 °F)

45 mm

XC3020-70CQ100I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Flat

100

QFF

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

64

Yes

5.5 V

64

CMOS

64

2000

5

5 V

Flatpack

QFL100,.7SQ,25

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.5 V

.635 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

9 ns

64 CLBS, 2000 Gates

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Quad

S-CQFP-F100

1

3.683 mm

17.272 mm

No

MAX 64 I/OS; 256 flip-flops

70 MHz

64

17.272 mm

XQ6VLX550T-1RF1759I

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Lead

e0

XC7A50T-L1FFG1156C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1156

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

52160

Yes

.98 V

4075

250

0.95

Grid Array

BGA1156,34X34,40

.92 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.27 ns

4075 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1156

4

3.1 mm

35 mm

e1

1098 MHz

30 s

250

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

5962-9851101NUC

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Ball

432

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

2304

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class N

40000

3.3

Grid Array, Low Profile

3 V

1.27 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

1.6 ns

2304 CLBS, 40000 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Gold

Bottom

S-PBGA-B432

1.7 mm

40 mm

No

Maximum usable gates 130000

e4

166 MHz

40 mm

XC40250XV-08PG559I

Xilinx

FPGA

Pin/Peg

559

HIPGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

8464

No

2.7 V

8464

CMOS

448

180000

2.5

2.5,3.3 V

Grid Array, Heat Sink/Slug, Interstitial Pitch

HSPGA559,43X43

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

2.3 V

2.54 mm

1.1 ns

8464 CLBS, 180000 Gates

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P559

5.969 mm

57.404 mm

No

Can also use 500000 gates

258 MHz

448

57.404 mm

XC7VH870T-1HCG1155C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1155

BGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

Yes

1.03 V

1

Grid Array

.97 V

85 °C (185 °F)

0.74 ns

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-CBGA-B1155

e1

XC2VP40-7FFG1148I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1148

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.575 V

4848

CMOS

1.5

Grid Array

1.425 V

1 mm

0.28 ns

4848 CLBS

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1148

4

3.4 mm

35 mm

No

e1

1350 MHz

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

35 mm

XC6SLX45T-3NCS484Q

Xilinx

FPGA

Tin Lead

3

e0

5962-8982303MYA

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Flat

164

QFF

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

Yes

CMOS

MIL-STD-883

5

Flatpack

.635 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Tin Lead

Quad

S-CQFP-F164

3.683 mm

27.432 mm

No

e0

27.432 mm

XCV300-6BGG560I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

560

LBGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.625 V

1536

CMOS

322970

2.5

Grid Array, Low Profile

2.375 V

1.27 mm

0.4 ns

1536 CLBS, 322970 Gates

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B560

3

1.7 mm

42.5 mm

No

e1

42.5 mm

XCV600-5PQG240I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

100

QFP

Rectangular

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

2.625 V

3456

661111

2.5

Flatpack

2.375 V

.65 mm

0.7 ns

3456 CLBS, 661111 Gates

Matte Tin

Quad

R-PQFP-G100

3

3.4 mm

14 mm

No

e3

294 MHz

20 mm

XCE7VX330T-3FFV1157E

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1157

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

326400

Yes

1.03 V

25500

HKMG

600

1

Grid Array

.97 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

0.58 ns

25500 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1157

3.35 mm

35 mm

600

35 mm

XC4025E-3HQG240I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

240

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

5.5 V

1024

CMOS

15000

5

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

4.5 V

.5 mm

2 ns

1024 CLBS, 15000 Gates

Quad

S-PQFP-G240

4.1 mm

32 mm

No

Max usable 25000 Logic gates

125 MHz

32 mm

XCVU080-1HFFVD1517E

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1517

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

975000

Yes

.979 V

55714

832

0.95

Grid Array

BGA1517,39X39,40

.922 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

55714 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1517

4

3.51 mm

40 mm

Also Operates at 1 V nominal supply

e1

30 s

832

245 °C (473 °F)

40 mm

XC4005XL-1PQG160I

Xilinx

FPGA

Gull Wing

160

QFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

196

CMOS

3000

3.3

Flatpack

3 V

.65 mm

1.3 ns

196 CLBS, 3000 Gates

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G160

3

4.1 mm

28 mm

No

Max usable 5000 Logic gates

e3

200 MHz

30 s

245 °C (473 °F)

28 mm

XC4VFX60-11FF1152C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1152

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

56880

Yes

1.26 V

6320

CMOS

576

1.2

Grid Array

BGA1152,34X34,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.14 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

6320 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1152

4

3.4 mm

35 mm

No

e0

1181 MHz

30 s

576

225 °C (437 °F)

35 mm

XCS20-3VQG100C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

100

TFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

5.25 V

400

CMOS

7000

5

Flatpack, Thin Profile, Fine Pitch

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.6 ns

400 CLBS, 7000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Matte Tin

Quad

S-PQFP-G100

3

1.2 mm

14 mm

No

Maximum usable gates 20000

e3

125 MHz

30 s

260 °C (500 °F)

14 mm

XC7VX330T-2FFV1761C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

1761

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.03 V

25500

1

Grid Array

.97 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.61 ns

25500 CLBS

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1761

3.77 mm

42.5 mm

e1

42.5 mm

XC2VP7-8FG456I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

456

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.575 V

1232

CMOS

1.5

Grid Array

1.425 V

1 mm

1232 CLBS

Tin/Lead (Sn63Pb37)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B456

3

2.6 mm

23 mm

No

e0

30 s

225 °C (437 °F)

23 mm

XC7K70T-2FBV484I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

484

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.03 V

5125

1

Grid Array

.97 V

1 mm

0.61 ns

5125 CLBS

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B484

2.54 mm

23 mm

e1

23 mm

XC3142-1PG132C

Xilinx

FPGA

Commercial

Pin/Peg

132

PGA

Square

Ceramic

144

No

CMOS

96

5

5 V

Grid Array

PGA132,14X14

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

2.54 mm

70 °C (158 °F)

0 °C (32 °F)

Perpendicular

S-XPGA-P132

No

325 MHz

96

XCS30-3TQ144C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

144

LFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

576

Yes

5.25 V

576

CMOS

196

10000

5

5 V

Flatpack, Low Profile, Fine Pitch

QFP144,.87SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.6 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G144

3

1.6 mm

20 mm

No

Maximum usable gates 30000

e0

125 MHz

30 s

196

225 °C (437 °F)

20 mm

XC5404-4PG156C

Xilinx

FPGA

Pin/Peg

156

PGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

No

CMOS

5

Grid Array

2.54 mm

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P156

4.318 mm

42.164 mm

No

42.164 mm

XC2V250-6FG456C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

456

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

3456

Yes

1.575 V

384

CMOS

200

250000

1.5

1.5,1.5/3.3,3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA456,22X22,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.425 V

1 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

0.35 ns

384 CLBS, 250000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn63Pb37)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B456

3

2.6 mm

23 mm

No

e0

820 MHz

30 s

200

225 °C (437 °F)

23 mm

XC7K480T-L2FF901E

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

900

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

477760

Yes

CMOS

380

0.9,1.8,3.3 V

Grid Array

BGA900,30X30,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1 mm

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B900

4

No

e0

1286 MHz

30 s

380

225 °C (437 °F)

XCVU065-L1FFVC1517I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

1517

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

.927 V

600

.9

Grid Array

.873 V

1 mm

600 CLBS

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B1517

3.51 mm

40 mm

e1

40 mm

XC4028XL-3HQ208C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

208

HFQFP

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

1024

Yes

3.6 V

1024

CMOS

256

18000

3.3

3.3 V

Flatpack, Heat Sink/Slug, Fine Pitch

HQFP208,1.2SQ,20

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

.5 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.6 ns

1024 CLBS, 18000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

S-PQFP-G208

3

4.1 mm

28 mm

No

Max usable 28000 Logic gates

e0

166 MHz

30 s

256

225 °C (437 °F)

28 mm

XC4010XL-2PQ100C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Gull Wing

100

QFP

Rectangular

Plastic/Epoxy

400

Yes

3.6 V

400

CMOS

160

7000

3.3

3.3 V

Flatpack

QFP100,.7X.9

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3 V

.65 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1.5 ns

400 CLBS, 7000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

Quad

R-PQFP-G100

3

3.4 mm

14 mm

No

Max usable 10000 Logic gates

e0

179 MHz

30 s

160

225 °C (437 °F)

20 mm

XC2VP7-6FGG456I

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

456

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

11088

Yes

1.575 V

1232

CMOS

248

1.5

1.5,1.5/3.3,2/2.5,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA456,22X22,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1.425 V

1 mm

0.32 ns

1232 CLBS

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn95.5Ag4.0Cu0.5)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B456

3

2.6 mm

23 mm

No

e1

1200 MHz

30 s

248

250 °C (482 °F)

23 mm

5962-9851301QY

Xilinx

FPGA

Military

Flat

228

GQFF

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

Yes

3.6 V

576

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535

10000

3.3

Flatpack, Guard Ring

3 V

.635 mm

125 °C (257 °F)

1.6 ns

576 CLBS, 10000 Gates

-55 °C (-67 °F)

Quad

S-CQFP-F228

3.302 mm

39.37 mm

No

Typical gates = 10000 to 30000

166 MHz

39.37 mm

XC4036XLA-09BG256C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Ball

256

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

3.6 V

1296

CMOS

22000

3.3

Grid Array

3 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

1296 CLBS, 22000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin Lead

Bottom

S-PBGA-B256

3

2.55 mm

27 mm

No

Can also use 65000 gates

e0

27 mm

XC3090-100PG175C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

Pin/Peg

175

PGA

Square

Ceramic, Metal-Sealed Cofired

320

No

5.25 V

320

CMOS

144

5000

5

5 V

Grid Array

PGA176,16X16MOD

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

2.54 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

7 ns

320 CLBS, 5000 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Perpendicular

S-CPGA-P175

3.81 mm

42.164 mm

No

928 flip-flops; typical gates = 5000-6000; power-down supplier current = 250 µA

100 MHz

144

42.164 mm

XC4VFX20-12FF672CS1

Xilinx

FPGA

Ball

672

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

19224

Yes

CMOS

320

1.2,1.2/3.3,2.5 V

Grid Array

BGA672,26X26,40

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

1 mm

Tin/Lead (Sn63Pb37)

Bottom

S-PBGA-B672

4

No

e0

1181 MHz

30 s

320

220 °C (428 °F)

XC3030A-7PC68C

Xilinx

FPGA

Other

J Bend

68

QCCJ

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

100

Yes

5.25 V

100

CMOS

58

1500

5

5 V

Chip Carrier

LDCC68,1.0SQ

Field Programmable Gate Arrays

4.75 V

1.27 mm

85 °C (185 °F)

5.1 ns

100 CLBS, 1500 Gates

0 °C (32 °F)

Tin/Lead

Quad

S-PQCC-J68

3

5.08 mm

24.2316 mm

No

Max usable 2000 Logic gates

e0

113 MHz

30 s

58

225 °C (437 °F)

24.2316 mm

XC6SLX100-1LFGG676I

Xilinx

FPGA

Industrial

Ball

676

BGA

Square

Plastic/Epoxy

Yes

1.26 V

1.2

Grid Array

1.14 V

1 mm

100 °C (212 °F)

-40 °C (-40 °F)

Tin Silver Copper

Bottom

S-PBGA-B676

3

2.6 mm

27 mm

No

e1

500 MHz

30 s

250 °C (482 °F)

27 mm

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are digital integrated circuits that are programmable by the user to perform specific logic functions. They consist of a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) that can be programmed to perform any digital function, as well as programmable interconnects that allow these blocks to be connected in any way the designer wishes. This makes FPGAs highly versatile and customizable, and they are often used in applications where a high degree of flexibility and performance is required.

FPGAs are programmed using specialized software tools that allow the designer to specify the logic functions and interconnects that are required for a particular application. This process is known as synthesis and involves translating the high-level design into a format that can be implemented on the FPGA hardware. The resulting configuration data is then loaded onto the FPGA, allowing it to perform the desired logic functions.

FPGAs are used in a wide range of applications, including digital signal processing, computer networking, and high-performance computing. They offer a number of advantages over traditional fixed-function digital circuits, including the ability to be reprogrammed in the field, lower development costs, and faster time-to-market. However, they also have some disadvantages, including higher power consumption and lower performance compared to custom-designed digital circuits.